Zaryadye: Park, Concert Hall, Reconstruction?

Zaryadye: Park, Concert Hall, Reconstruction?
Zaryadye: Park, Concert Hall, Reconstruction?

Video: Zaryadye: Park, Concert Hall, Reconstruction?

Video: Zaryadye: Park, Concert Hall, Reconstruction?
Video: Days of Nizhny Novgorod Culture in the concert hall of the Zaryadye Park 2024, March
Anonim

An open expert meeting, which took place on February 14 in the premises of the Strelka Institute, was organized by State Development, which in November 2011 proposed to the Moscow government a project to transform the territory of Zaryadye with adjacent streets into a park. The discussion was attended by one of the most famous experts on Moscow urban planning Mikhail Blinkin, arch-critic Elena Gonzalez, several coordinators of the Arhnadzor movement, representatives of the current “inhabitants” of Zaryadye - churches and museums, and several architects. However, the well-known Moscow architects invited to the meeting did not enter into the discussion and did not express their opinions.

The session was moderated by Nikolai Palazhchenko, art director of the Winzavod Center for Contemporary Art. He designated the topic of discussion as a question “not only an architectural one” - “… I was amazed by the decision of Prime Minister Putin to build a park zone, since there has not been a larger architectural and city-forming solution since the construction of the KhHS”. Palazhchenko immediately identified pain points: although the competition was announced, in fact there is no competition. Whether it is worth reviving something more or less historical on this is also not very clear. And the main thing, in his opinion, is to act in this situation in such a way “so that our descendants do not have a desire to demolish this ugly disgrace and build something new”.

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Scientific director of the Research Institute of Transport and Roads, Mikhail Blinkin, announced his desire to organize an international competition for the best concepts and designs of the Zaryadye device, and intends to initiate hearings in the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation.

Mikhail Blinkin believes that neither a 1,500-seat concert hall nor a parking lot in Zaryadye should be built. “The concert hall is a madhouse. You have to choose either a comfortable pedestrian zone or a concert hall. " It would be possible to build a chamber hall for 100 seats, but now we are talking about a large hall, the scale of the State Central Concert Hall ("Palace of Congresses") in the Kremlin. However, the Kremlin concert hall should also be removed - continued Blinkin, stressing, however, that this last - his exclusively personal opinion as an old Muscovite.

Alexander Mozhaev, architect-restorer, ethnographer and coordinator of Arkhnadzor:

“The idea of the park appeared 6 years ago. However, all this time the only option was Foster's project. In November last year, State Development presented to the mayor's office a project of the park, and suddenly (January 20 - Archi.ru) an initiative was launched from above to build a park with a concert hall. However, I would like to have a discussion, and not just an initiative launched from above. I would like various experts to speak out to clarify the essence of this place."

Alexander Mozhaev said that perhaps a conference on the history of Zaryadye and its future will be organized in the near future. He recalled that in the 1940s, many buildings in this area were irrevocably demolished and without research. According to Mozhaev, there are many architects who want to restore the historical appearance of Zaryadye, "but there is no common solution." In any case, he said, it would be interesting to preserve the historical layout in this place, possibly by including it in the park.

Наталья Самовер. Фотография Ларисы Талис, 2012
Наталья Самовер. Фотография Ларисы Талис, 2012
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Natalya Samover, coordinator of Arkhnadzor:

“I am concerned that the architectural competition process may be opaque. Zaryadye is not the place where you can do it as always. We have a chance to avoid shame for the demolition and damage of the current Zaryadye area. The Moscow government did not fully realize that TK in such cases should be written not by officials, but by Muscovites. Responsibility for the project of the new Zaryadye is borne by today's Muscovites."

[written down by Anna Kocherova]

Pyotr Miroshnik, culturologist, coordinator of Arkhnadzor: “The design of the park in Zaryadye, a creative competition announced on this occasion, actualizes the worst fears and makes us recall the projects of public spaces in the city center that have already been implemented in recent years, such as the complex on Manezhnaya Square and unrealized ones, like a depository of the Kremlin museums”. Piotr Miroshnik insists on the need for additional discussion of the topic by experts and drawing up a clear technical task, in which the territory of Zaryadye would be considered as a living organism, and not a “two-dimensional piece of green filling”, as it is presented on the tablets provided by the Moskomarchitecture to today's contestants.

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He proposed the following sequence of actions: even before the design began, dismantle the fence and put in order the green areas behind it. Then revise the protected zones of Zaryadye's monuments - and not downward, as suggested by the now frozen master plan, but, on the contrary, upward, or rather include there: "historical possessions, territories of archaeological monuments and territories of monuments that can be recreated." Then Miroshnik proposes to make a new landscape-visual analysis of the territory of Zaryadye and think over the ways in which it could be connected with the city and the river. He suggests that the stylobate preserved from "Russia" be dismantled completely, and the bunker remaining from the project of the skyscraper below the stylobate should be examined (the bunker is concrete and it will be difficult to disassemble it, but so far little is known about it, but it seems that it belongs to FSO). The result should be the appearance in this place of the park public: mothers with strollers, pensioners and young people. And for a better result, Pyotr Miroshnik proposed to evict the military unit from the Orphanage, officials from the closed quarters of Kitay-gorod, and open the Kremlin.

[recorded by Larisa Talis]

Architect and coordinator of Arkhnadzor Roman Tsekhansky believes that everyone is wrongly afraid to talk about the restoration of architectural monuments on the territory of Zaryadye. His team is preparing a project for the reconstruction of the historic district for the competition announced on February 1. At the same time, according to Roman, the idea of the park is very close to him (“this place should not be massively built up”). The architects propose to divide the territory of Zaryadye into "upper" and "lower" terraces. The difference in height between them will be 16.5 meters. To restore churches, for example, the Church of St. Nicholas the Wet, to restore the Kitay-Gorod wall along the Moskvoretskaya embankment (at the same time, the wall will block endless traffic jams on the embankment). Pedestrians will walk along the top of the wall, and a museum and a cafe can be located in the turrets. Probably, the project of the Tsekhansky team will soon be published in Internet publications, he concluded.

Architect and theorist Mark Gurari returned to the topic of the voluntaristic decision about Zaryadye: “What can spoil this object and space? The conviction of the mayor and chief architect that you can take something and implement it yourself without discussion. Since nothing is clear, and time is passing, professional architects are unlikely to undertake an incomprehensible competition. I would suggest breaking it down into stages. The first stage: the competition of ideas is a truly mass event, let it be explained on a piece of paper or in words, convey the concept of what we want to see on this territory. The second stage: to have a clearly developed concept of this space, and with it, in the form of a petition, apply to the authorities, the mayor, the president."

[written down by Anna Kocherova]

Archaeologist Maria Moloshnikova spoke about her own research on the territory of Zaryadye, about the history of its excavations and about its yet unexplored archaeological layers. Now under the former hotel "Russia", the entire cultural layer has been destroyed. But on the lands adjacent to its foundation pit and in places where there are no communications, according to fragmentary excavations of 2006-2007, a rich cultural layer up to 5-6 meters deep has been preserved. These recent excavations in Zaryadye have uncovered the remains of wooden estates, drainage channels, a huge amount of household utensils, tiles and coins. Under the temple of the Great Martyr Barbara, a white-stone basement of the church was found, built by Aleviz Fryazin at the beginning of the 16th century. There is no longer such a preservation of the cultural layer as in Zaryadye in other places in Moscow. So archaeologists have a lot of work.

To a question from the audience - how long will the archaeological research take? -

Maria Moloshnikova replied that where the park will be, the cultural layer can be left alone. Excavations must be carried out in places of future construction and underground parking. On average, excavations of a 100 sq. m last 3 months.

The results of the speech were recommendations to supplement the park with archaeological monuments. "These can be specific archaeological wells, preserved remains of foundations, walls, drainage systems, canals."

Architectural critic Elena Gonzalez raised an important question: why a park? According to Elena Gonzalez, the park is not at all a self-evident solution. "You have to understand that the object is located in the structure of the city and historically there were residential quarters, temples … a hotel in the end … It is necessary to find the true purpose of the territory, conduct research for this, and only then make a decision." Elena Gonzalez clarified that she is not against the park as such, but against hasty volitional decisions that are not based on a preliminary analysis of the territory. The other day, Project Russia magazine held on Facebook

vote; votes were distributed one to two: 150 people voted for the park, and about 70 - for the city block with a small park.

Elena Gonzalez also suggested including the Zaryadye theme in the program of the Moscow Architecture Biennale: “This year the Moscow Biennale will work under the motto“Identity”. Identity is the expression of our being through architecture.

We don't have a Russian project! Zaryadye is a wonderful place that can be named “Russian Project”. This project could accumulate opinions of townspeople and architects”.

[recorded by Larisa Talis]

Pavel Kupriyanov, social anthropologist and researcher of Zaryadye, moved from archeology to ethnography. He spoke about a survey of former residents of Zaryadye. The old-timers called this place a nature reserve rather than a space for life. Zaryadye did not exist for them, they do not even really understand where the boundaries of this region lie. Taking into account the fact that the project of restoration of the previously existing building and planning on the territory of Zaryadye is also possible, Kupriyanov stressed that he would not like to see painted "popular" houses, street-museums there instead of a normal urban space.

Kupriyanov suggested finding a compromise between museum and cultural space. One is for residents, as a place for meetings, walks, rest, the second is as a tourist place with architectural points of view, museum exhibits, and so on. The permeability of the space, its relationship with the surrounding spaces is also important: “fences and partitions must be removed”.

Galina Shutskaya, head of the Museum of the Chamber of the Romanov Boyars, noted that currently there are two museums in the historical territory of Zaryadye. She believes that the museum theme in Zaryadye should be developed by inviting monument holders to the discussion. She also drew attention to the current state of affairs in Zaryadye. This is the absence of through passages, closed territories, the movement of traffic and human flows exclusively along Varvarka. Galina Konstantinovna was skeptical about the prospects of transferring concerts from Vasilyevsky Spusk and Red Square to the future park: this could disrupt the intimacy of the park, besides, after the concerts, the garbage will have to be cleaned up … She noted that all this should also be taken into account in the terms of reference when designing on the territory of Zaryadye. A living park is more difficult to make than to build a building.

[recorded by Igor Shumakov]

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Archpriest Vyacheslav Shestakov, rector of the Patriarchal courtyard of churches in Zaryadye, recalled the spirituality of this place, the unique density of churches, in which services have been held for 20 years. However, there are few parishioners, and because of the cars and people who recently came to concerts at the Rossiya Hotel, it was not convenient for believers to get to churches. “We would not like to return to a similar situation. It is impossible to conduct a service in traffic jams and crowds of people: the worshipers are distracted by beeps and headlights. However, this place is sacred, it undoubtedly has a spiritual dominant. The archpriest also touched upon the theme of restoring the lost temples; in particular, the churches of St. Nicholas Mokroi - once it was one of the most famous churches of Zaryadye on Velikaya Street, now in its place is the stylobate of the Rossiya Hotel.

[written down by Anna Kocherova]

Summarizing what has been said, we recall that on January 20, Prime Minister Putin suggested that Moscow Mayor Sobyanin "think about creating a park" on the site of the demolished Rossiya hotel. On February 1, Moskomarkhitektura announced an open creative competition to develop a concept for the development of this territory. The open competition should end on March 15, and in March it is planned to arrange a final exhibition of works. However, the composition of the jury has not yet been determined, the deadline for the development of a creative concept is very small (exactly one month left), and the press almost immediately assumed that the competition was a competition, and the one who had been working on this site for a long time would win, then there is Mikhail Posokhin and Mosproekt-2. Moreover, he supported the idea of creating a park literally on the same day that it was expressed by the Prime Minister. It is even surprising that the name of Mikhail Posokhin was never mentioned in the discussion.

As it was easy to see, the leitmotif of the conversation was the haste and voluntarism of the next decision made by the authorities in relation to Moscow. Everyone agreed that the fate of such an important territory in every sense as Zaryadye cannot be decided in a hurry, without research and without public discussion. All also turned out to be in solidarity in a critical attitude to the too sudden and lack of information creative competition announced by the Moscow Committee for Architecture and Construction. Further, the positions of the participants in the discussion, as you will easily notice, diverge. Mikhail Blinkin is in favor of unloading the area in every possible way (not building any parking lots or a large concert hall), the coordinators of Arkhnadzor are for openness of information and further study of the area. And those who now each work with the hotel foundation fenced off by fences - museum workers and the church - want peace, fear noise, garbage and crowds of people who come to concerts.

However, the experts were not asked again, and the experts again express their opinions at an optional meeting, not too hoping that they will be heard. Time will tell whether the specialists will be heard this time … Although it is easy to see that these words: "time will tell" - have become the traditional ending for our modern news.

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