SPbGASU 2020: Faculty Of Architecture

2024 Author: David Durham | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 02:26

Although the classic said that "there are complex machines in the world, but the theater is the most difficult …" (Mikhail Bulgakov, "Theatrical Novel"), there are also more complex things than theater. There are complex processes, from which it is difficult to isolate their structure, to name the main elements - teaching architecture, for example. The usual set of topics discussed in discussions about architectural education: functional organization skills, parallelism between academic studies and practice at a construction site, spatial imagination, the use of structures in shaping (the notorious tectonics), the role of context, project presentation techniques, topics of diploma projects … stage of training, it became even more difficult to squeeze all this into the bachelor's program, that is, in 5 years.

The fact that success is possible can be seen from such bachelor's diplomas of 2020, as, for example, in Anna Chernoyarova … The most frequent theme in the work of the architect is present - multi-storey residential buildings and a residential building of mass replication. All professional skills listed above are present. There is, plus, some fashion: a low-rise environment, the use of wooden structures and finishes.

And what should be taught for another two years in the magistracy? If we assume that an architect who has completed his master's degree will be able to work independently, without the guidance of another, and will be able to develop an original concept of construction together with the customer, then specific professional skills will not be enough for him. The training program reflects new skills: the psychology of communication with the customer, knowledge of the legislation on professional activities, methods of applied scientific analysis, and so on. However, we believe that this is not enough.

We need one more, the most difficult thing that is not reflected in the curriculum - the ability to immerse yourself in the culture inherent in people in the area for which something is designed, immersion in an environment saturated with people's stories, in the spiritual and material parts of culture. Archeology of culture.

Three master's projects in 2020 exemplify this kind of immersion.

Anna Chernoyarova. Residential complex on the shores of the Gulf of Finland

The author was faced with the task of integrating the existing green frame into the block, forming the front of the Gulf of Finland, and also “touching” the tree as a new material for multi-storey residential construction. Thus, the idea of five residential groups of different nature, united by stylobates, was born. Sectional stone houses bear the image of a fortress wall and form a rhythmic embankment. There are two wooden houses: a sectional one, where the first floor is occupied by retail, and a tower house, the first floor of which is given to workshops and a neighboring center. The historic building in the center of the quarter is adapted for a kindergarten and an elementary school with additional annexes, also clad in wood.

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1/6 Anna Chernoyarova. Residential complex on the shores of the Gulf of Finland © SPbGASU
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2/6 Anna Chernoyarova. Residential complex on the shores of the Gulf of Finland © SPbGASU
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3/6 Anna Chernoyarova. Residential complex on the shores of the Gulf of Finland © SPbGASU
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4/6 Anna Chernoyarova. Residential complex on the shores of the Gulf of Finland © SPbGASU
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5/6 Anna Chernoyarova. Residential complex on the shores of the Gulf of Finland © SPbGASU
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6/6 Anna Chernoyarova. Residential complex on the shores of the Gulf of Finland © SPbGASU

Kantemir Yeziev. Recreation complex based on the Dzhily-Su mineral springs

B about The largest part of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic is mountains. The presence of thermal springs in them makes it possible to create a health-improving complex that will improve the attractiveness of the republic as a tourist center. A possible site for such a center is located on the territory of the Dzhily-su tract, where the height above sea level is 2350 m, and the slope is 10-20 degrees. The Karakaya-Su River flows in the east, and the Kislovodsk-Dzhily-Su highway runs from the west.

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Kantemir Yeziev. Recreation complex based on the Dzhily-Su mineral springs © SPbGASU
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Kantemir Yeziev. Recreation complex based on the Dzhily-Su mineral springs © SPbGASU

The horizontal part of the complex is a simple pure form, made of glass stained-glass structures. Together with three vertical towers, the shape and material of which is reminiscent of traditional culture, it creates a distinctive silhouette that characterizes the area.

On the first level there is a recreation area with swimming pools and a sauna complex, as well as an entertainment area, which includes a hall with mineral water, cafes, shops and ancillary facilities. Towers almost 50 m high are used for hotel rooms. The roof of the complex is exploited; it houses a small landscape park and an observation deck. The landscaping project includes a network of walking paths connecting the complex with natural sites within a radius of 1 km.

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1/5 Kantemir Yeziev. Recreation complex based on the Dzhily-Su mineral springs © SPbGASU
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2/5 Kantemir Yeziev. Recreation complex based on the Dzhily-Su mineral springs © SPbGASU
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3/5 Kantemir Yeziev. Recreation complex based on the Dzhily-Su mineral springs © SPbGASU
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4/5 Kantemir Yeziev. Recreation complex based on the Dzhily-Su mineral springs © SPbGASU
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5/5 Kantemir Yeziev. Recreation complex based on the Dzhily-Su mineral springs © SPbGASU

Vladimir Linov: In the stone towers and blank walls, one can see an obvious reference to the culture of the Caucasian peoples, this is combined with the minimalist style of modern structures. Simplicity is divine in architecture (guess who said it first?). The buildings are placed among naked mountain forms with surgical precision, so as to fulfill the commandment "do no harm", not to spoil the highest value of the place - the mountains. I had to do something that cannot be shown in the pictures: to analyze the views of the building from dozens of access points, starting with the most distant ones.

Maxim Bezhkov. Multifunctional cultural center in Kaliningrad

In the pre-war years, the island of Kneiphof was a central area with dense mixed firewall buildings and had excellent pedestrian and transport accessibility. All this was destroyed by the bombing of the Second World War. A park was laid out on the site of the ruins buried under a layer of earth. Instead of the lost bridges, a flyover bridge soared over the island, which practically cut off a huge piece of land from the surrounding territory. The project envisions restoring the historic street grid and pre-war pedestrian bridges, as well as building a new bridge and saturating the island with new functions through a cultural center.

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1/3 Maxim Bezhkov. Multifunctional cultural center in Kaliningrad. It was © SPbGASU
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2/3 Maxim Bezhkov. Multifunctional cultural center in Kaliningrad. Now © SPbGASU
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3/3 Maxim Bezhkov. Multifunctional cultural center in Kaliningrad. Offer © SPbGASU

To make the new object a symbol of the historical city, the author proposes to use three methods: to build on the basis of structures preserved underground, to recreate the silhouette of the roof of the historical city, and also to materialize the illusion of a continuous front of street development. All functional areas, roof structures, ground pavilions are located clearly in accordance with the contours of the historical plan of the island.

Roof canopies from long distances create the effect of the presence of historical buildings. However, once on the island, the viewer does not observe any development, only mirages of the facades of historical houses - glass walls with a pattern applied to them. The interior of the complex includes constructions of the walls of the old city basements with original brickwork, which can be observed from the street, through the glass "lantern" of the roadway.

Thus, the image of both the old lost Konigsberg and the new Kaliningrad that has grown on its ruins is read. To describe the project in a nutshell, it is an "inhabited ghost town."

Vladimir Linov: The culture of the modern inhabitants of Königsberg suffers from an inferiority complex, a longing for a completely lost urban environment, once revered by all of Europe. Maxim, a resident of Königsberg, immediately rejected the idea of stylized buildings on ruins and buried foundations. And the huge trees that have grown over 70 years on the site of the streets of the center are valuable in the eyes of many people. The decision came after analyzing what is really important for the culture of modern inhabitants, and it was like this: materialized memory, forms reminiscent of the past. These are not necessarily houses in historical styles. It can also be other structures, for example, transparent walls with a pattern of original facades. But the cellars, turned into an underground street, are genuine.

Polina Kozlova. Country architectural camp / art residence project

The territory of the abandoned children's health camp "Lastochka", located 60 km from St. Petersburg in the Kurortny district, near the village of Smolyachkovo, was chosen for the design.

The building spot has a diagonal linear development, which allows the greatest number of trees to be preserved. On this main axis "blocks" are strung with different functional content and separate entrances, which makes the residence an all-season one. The axis starts from Primorskoe highway, where the public transport stop is located, and ends at the building of the sports complex.

Along the embankment there is a promenade with abundant landscaping and descents to the beach. The recreational area includes areas for recreation, areas for the construction of art objects and an outdoor stage with wooden flooring.

The main accents are the wooden frame and pitched roof. Open structures, a clear example of the skeleton of a building, support the ideological component of the residence. Monolithic walls of staircases, elevator shafts and air ducts are lined with facade panels imitating light bricks. They protrude above the roof, adding silhouette and evoking memories of the ships that once docked on the shores of the village of Smolyachkovo.

Vladimir Linov: The culture of the House of Creativity of Artists and Literature Workers could also disappear, like the development of Konigsberg, but it still exists. The topic of creating new such centers every year arises in the works of undergraduates, they substantiate in their research the need and economic reality of such objects. And where else can a young architect get direct access to the soul of a young ballerina, if not at a suburban seminar of creative youth? Against the historical background of the suburban culture of St. Petersburg and Leningrad: Komarovo, Repino, Zelenogorsk … Coastal dune, ship pines, wooden walls … Here and Joseph Brodsky not far.