Leninsky Prospect. City Intersection Manifestos

2024 Author: David Durham | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-09 00:51

Course leaders Nadezhda Nilina and Yaroslav Kovalchuk tell about the work of students on the course "Problems of Urbanism":

“The course“Problems of Urbanism”consists of two interrelated parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical lecture consists of a series of lectures on the history of urban planning ideas, from the hygiene movement to the environmental movement. It deals with ideas and basic concepts such as "density", "connectivity", "grid". In parallel, students are engaged in practical work on the analysis of different cities from the point of view of the morphology of the urban environment. In the spring semester, we looked at the examples of Berlin, Chicago, Hong Kong, New York, Amsterdam, Moscow. A comparative analysis of these cities allowed us to trace their urban development and apply theoretical knowledge to specific examples.

The analytical skill was applied to the Moscow situation and then the next step was taken - to a specific proposal. Leninsky Prospect was chosen as the object of work. While the city thinks of it exclusively as a transport artery and intends to turn it practically into a high-way, we regard this highway as a "public space". And all the proposals were made from this perspective. The main "hero" of this work was a "non-motorized person": a pensioner, a child, a disabled person, a housewife, a guest of the capital. The goal of the project was to show how the environment can be improved in the interests of priority users (without, however, infringing on the rights of motorists). The delicacy of the chosen methods does not negate their revolutionary essence."

Leninsky Prospekt is a long and wide (12.9 km / 108 - 120 m) street that crosses 4 administrative districts of the city of Moscow.

• The number of public transport routes is 33 (23 bus, 6 trolleybus, 4 tram, but trams only cross Leninsky Prospekt).
• Three main lanes of the avenue pass 800 cars per hour.
• There are 37 crossings across the avenue (18 underground, 18 above ground, 1 pedestrian bridge).
• 4 monuments, 54 remarkable buildings and structures.
• 2 existing and 1 projected metro station.
• About 62,000 people live in a strip 1 km wide on both sides of the avenue.
• 20,000 signatures were collected against the reconstruction project of the avenue.

The concept of the proposed solution is to increase the share of quality public transport and reduce the number of private road transport. The emergence of a high-speed, modern and environmentally friendly, but at the same time traditional for Moscow tram line, convenient parking lots, a network of bike paths can solve the transport problem without the need to build tunnels, multi-level interchanges and viaducts. This creates an environment that is comfortable for people, and not for cars.

Urban Crossings Manifesto:

1. The street should become a space for comfortable movement of different groups of users.
2. Streets should be separated from highways, saturated with the necessary density of users, creating a unified system for the operation of the entire network of city streets.
3. The ideal of freedom is neighborhood and cohabitation.
4. Urban planning decisions must be based on a critical approach.
5. Moral urban planning / urban user education - it is necessary to learn from the mistakes of others and to be aware of the responsibility of the decisions made and the number of people they influence.
6. All urban planning decisions must pass open and public hearings, the active position of citizens is the main tool for regulating the quality of the urban environment.
7. Science and technology should become tools for resolving urban intersections of interests and streets, preventing conflicts and establishing cooperation.
8. New urban planning and infrastructure decisions should be made based on the evolution of society and serve its interests.
9. The active and careful use of the urban environment should become a tool for the gradual but constant reorganization of cities for the better.
10. This is facilitated by walks and the understanding that the city belongs to you.

The intersection of the Garden Ring + Kaluzhskaya Square

Authors: Dasha Grudinkina, Anya Shevchenko, Ivan Grekov, Kesha Padalko, Anton Kravchenko, Sasha Eminova.

Kaluzhskaya Square is the oldest skate spot (space equipped for skateboarding) in Moscow. The monument to Lenin near the Oktyabrskaya metro station is one of the oldest, if not the oldest, skiing spots in Moscow. Skaters began to explore Kaluzhskaya Square since the end of the 80s. Many pioneers of the Russian skate movement began their careers on the square. In recent years, many new skate parks have appeared in Moscow, but there are still not enough local places in the city. The area is convenient for beginners, and one of its main advantages for skaters is the absence of large transit pedestrian traffic

Problems identified:

1. Lack of ground crosswalks.
2. Huge, unused space.
3. Lack of public transport connectivity.
4. A huge amount of disorganized parked cars.
5. Lack of a convenient pedestrian zone.

Suggestions:

1. Projecting cartoons on the building of the library.
2. High-speed trams.
3. Skateboarding spaces.
4. Spaces for modern sports.
5. Respect for the culture of the place.
6. Conducting mass entertainment events.

Intersection of Leninsky Prospekt + Gagarin Square

Authors: Artem Slizunov, Lera Samovich, Dima Stolbovoy, Asya Vainberg, Yulia Andreichenko, Alisa Starobina, Masha Kartseva.

Problems identified:

1. Inadequacy of the environment to a person.
2. A sparse and inconvenient grid of pedestrian crossings.
3. Lack of cycling infrastructure.
4. A large number of unused territories.
5. "Area" is not an area.

Suggestions:

1. The environment is saturated with elements on a human scale: bus stops, sports grounds, pavilions, crossings, etc.
2. The frequent grid of pedestrian crossings with traffic lights slows down traffic.
3. Cycle paths and ramps.
4. Unused areas are given away for sports grounds, as an alternative to Neskuchny Garden.
5. Frequency of pedestrian connections and sports grounds combine disparate areas into a single public space.

Intersection of Leninsky Prospekt + Dmitry Ulyanov Street and Universitetsky Prospekt

Authors: Asya Kotenko, Tonya Khlyzova, Zhenya Bakeeva, Alexandra Kovaleva, Yulia Arnautova, Lesha Sirotkin.

Different groups of people can be in the same place where their spaces intersect. In the case of our project, this happens at a crossroads, where the townspeople use different methods and devices to use the environment, they define their space. We decided to see what they have in their arsenal of spaces today and what they lack on the example of our crossroads, the existing environment of which, like any place in the city, is extremely vulnerable. We have chosen an acupuncture approach, keeping everything important and adding to the townspeople the devices they need to communicate with the city.

Intersection of Leninsky prospect + Lomonosovsky prospect

Authors: Daniil Makarov, Alla Komarova, Natasha Bakaeva, Nastya Levshchanova, Denis Makarenko.

Problems identified:

1. The wide sidewalk is used for spontaneous parking. The exits from the sidewalk to the road are not logically connected. Landscaping blocks the pedestrian's line of sight.
2. Landscaping is very scarce and does not fulfill its intended functions: improving the microclimate, noise protection, dust absorption, and improving the appearance of the city.
3. Short pedestrian crossings encourage pedestrians not to wait for traffic lights to change and cross the road at a red light.

Suggestions:

1. Introduction of a high-speed tram, independent of car traffic.
2. Creation of a "strong" interchange hub.

In the new proposal, the tram runs along the center of the avenue and at the intersection of Leninsky and Lomonosovsky rises to the overpass. There is an interchange hub connected with an underground intercept parking lot and the nearest bus and trolleybus stops. A new system of distribution of ways of using the prospectus appears at Lomonosov. From the red line of the building to the center of the carriageway there are: sidewalk, bicycle path, public transport (buses / trolleybuses) and car lanes. As a result, the speed of flows decreases from the center of the carriageway and reaches a minimum on the sidewalks.

The proposed solution includes several aspects: a high-speed tram appears along its entire length, having several stops, including on Lomonosovsky Prospekt, which accounts for the entire main flow of people striving from the region to the center. Buses, trolleybuses and a tram moving along Lomonosovsky Prospekt play a supporting role in transporting people from the surrounding areas to the high-speed tram stop.

The cars partially remain in the intercepting parking lots: at this section, we plan to link it with a tram stop. The parking will be located under the crossroads, which will allow you to immediately use the high-speed tram, going up from the parking lot to the viaducts or pedestrian crossings. According to the general concept, 8% of the flow of people from a car to other types of transport should be transferred on this section. At the same time, only 36% of the conditional traffic flow from the Moscow Ring Road continues to move at this intersection.

In order not to delay the tram with traffic lights and prevent it from stopping during possible accidents at the intersection (it is assumed that it will run quite often and according to a strict schedule, since only in this case its efficiency will be achieved), it is proposed to raise it over the intersection. Further, it moves at ground level, becoming a truly high-speed and independent (walking along a dedicated lane) mode of transport.

Thus, at the intersection of Leninsky with Lomonosovsky Prospekt, which is the middle of the road from the region to the center, a convenient "Plexus" is being created. Pedestrians have priority to move. All crossings remain on the ground, with regulation by traffic lights, viaducts are needed only for raising to the tram platform, which is within walking distance from bus and trolleybus stops.

Intersection of Leninsky Prospect + Miklukho-Maklaya Street

Authors: Daniel Barenboim, Masha Tyulkanova, Anna Kozlova, Nika Barinova-malaya, Tanya Levchenko, Dasha Sannikova.

The city artery cuts through the Southwest Forest Park, dividing the forest, the walking and pedestrian zone, blocking the path of animals and people. The crossing of Leninsky Prospect is a big problem for all users of the park, the solution of which is Eco-bridge, it is designed to move from one half to the other of all users: from an ant to an old woman.

Intersection of Leninsky Prospekt + MKAD

Authors: Maxim Zuev, Andrey Sviridov, Snezhana Kopeikina, Egor Korolev, Anna Mosenkova, Alina Morozova.

Problems identified:

1. Problems of perspective construction. In connection with plans to build three metro stations along Leninsky Prospekt, residential quarters and business parks are expected to appear near the junction, which will further exacerbate the lack of public transport on the avenue and create problems at the exit and entrance to the city.
2. Inefficient transport interchange. Disadvantages of the junction: an unsafe left turn by 270 degrees, the location of the entrance in front of the exit, which can create congestion and emergency situations, the crossing is difficult for pedestrians (to cross the junction, you need to go a long distance and at the same time cross at least two side roads).
3. Splitting the recreational zone into 4 separate parts. Lack of infrastructure for pedestrians and cyclists. Highways divide the park area in such a way that it is almost impossible for a pedestrian to get from one part to another. As a result, forests on the outside of the Moscow Ring Road acquire an abandoned marginal look and are not in demand among residents.

Suggestions:

1. To solve the interchange problem, we chose a single point urban interchange. It will ensure continuous movement along the Moscow Ring Road. The intersection is controlled by only one traffic light, which has three phases of movement. Additional bridges will make it possible for pedestrians and cyclists to cross the carriageway and will connect parts of the forest park. The prospective terminal station of the Salaryevo metro station will have a transport interchange hub with the possibility of transferring from personal transport to the metro and tram. The tram will pass in the middle of Leninsky Prospekt. From each stop it will be possible to go down the stairs or in the elevator to the underground passage in order to cross the road to the desired side.
2. A grid of pedestrian and bicycle paths is superimposed on the territory; they connect the divided parts of the recreational zone, creating a comfortable urban space for a person.