In the Moscow region, the state program for the construction of schools has been implemented for several years - according to the regional authorities, the most ambitious in the country. Every year regional publications report on the commissioning of dozens of new school buildings, and this, of course, is cause for joy - the second shift is gradually becoming a thing of the past. Here and in Domodedovo the oldest educational institution in the city, Lyceum No. 3 named. Hero of the Soviet Union Yu. P. Maksimov, last year acquired a second building, thanks to which his students will no longer study in the evenings. True, the Domodedovo school in the state program of the Moscow region is not an ordinary one. It was built not according to an anonymous project, but according to the project of architects with a name: the ASADOV_ bureau joined in the design of a small school for 275 students at the invitation of the general designer, the Academproject company (the bureau and the company are linked by long-term friendly and partnership relations). Having already started work, the architects found out that they were talking about a project with the possibility of reuse in other cities near Moscow - in fact, it was required to develop an exemplary school. According to the head of the bureau, Andrey Asadov, the task was to solve all public spaces of the school as efficiently as possible, that is, to make them as small as possible, "not a single extra meter." This is a state order, which means that a strictly defined amount of funds is allocated from the budget for the construction of a school, including equipment, communications and landscaping - 1.2 million per student, and sometimes the city adds something (in total, 523.6 million rubles were spent on a new school, of this amount, 364.6 million - from the regional budget). As the saying goes, you can't go wild.
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zooming 1/5 Secondary school for 275 students Photo © Andrey Asadov
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zooming 2/5 Secondary school for 275 students Photo © Andrey Asadov
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zooming 3/5 Secondary school for 275 students Photo © Andrey Asadov
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zooming 4/5 Secondary school for 275 students Photo © Andrey Asadov
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zooming 5/5 Secondary school for 275 students Photo © Andrey Asadov
The design was carried out in close contact with the Glavarkhitektura of the Moscow Region and the Ministry of Construction of the Region, which closely monitored the process and did not allow deviating from the general course of minimizing areas. On a small square plot with an area of 1.47 hectares, not only a 3-storey school building fit in, but also a sports core and walking areas - at least the fact that the fire passages are partially combined with the stadium's running tracks testifies to the compactness of the layout. The project was “optimized” at every stage, but thanks to the creative will of the architects, in the end, it was possible to implement a non-standard architectural concept even without the need to coordinate special technical conditions, which is often required for solutions that go beyond the traditional.
Three petals and an atrium
Building with a total area of more than 7,500 m2 received an unusual plan - three bodies diverge from the core like three petals. From the side of Sovetskaya Street, along the curving building at the main entrance to the building, a cozy and compact square is organized where general school lines are held, and sports zones are located in the backyard. This volumetric-spatial composition is primarily due to the requirements of insolation. The classrooms are oriented to the southeast, to the west there are classrooms that do not require regulatory insolation. There are 28 offices in the building. With an estimated capacity of the school building of 275 people, in fact, 624 people study in it - thus, all the classrooms are busy and not idle.
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zooming 1/12 General plan. Secondary school for 275 students © ASADOV Architectural Bureau, Akademproekt
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zooming 2/12 Plan of the 1st floor. Secondary school for 275 students © ASADOV Architectural Bureau, Akademproekt
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zooming 3/12 Captivity of the technical underground and technical floor. Secondary school for 275 students © ASADOV Architectural Bureau, Akademproekt
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zooming 4/12 Plan of the 2nd floor. Secondary school for 275 students © ASADOV Architectural Bureau, Akademproekt
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zooming 5/12 Plan of the 3rd floor. Secondary school for 275 students © ASADOV Architectural Bureau, Akademproekt
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zooming 6/12 Section 1-1. Secondary school for 275 students © ASADOV Architectural Bureau, Akademproekt
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zooming 7/12 Section 4-4. Secondary school for 275 students © ASADOV Architectural Bureau, Akademproekt
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zooming 8/12 Section 2-2. Secondary school for 275 students © ASADOV Architectural Bureau, Akademproekt
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zooming 9/12 Secondary school for 275 students © ASADOV Architectural Bureau, Akademproekt
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zooming 10/12 Secondary school for 275 students © ASADOV Architectural Bureau, Akademproekt
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zooming 11/12 Secondary school for 275 students © ASADOV Architectural Bureau, Akademproekt
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zooming 12/12 Secondary school for 275 students © ASADOV Architectural Bureau, Akademproekt
The main feature of the project, which was implemented despite all the optimizations, was located in the entrance area on an area of 96 m2 an atrium to a height of three floors with an amphitheater. Quite expectedly, it has become the most popular and lively place of the school, where high school students constantly hang out. The atrium also fulfills the function of a symbolic space, which is important for the lyceum as an educational institution: on a wall about 9 meters high, the school administration placed a panel composed of words expressing the values of the lyceum, which were chosen by teachers and students during a school-wide project. According to the school's director Natalia Kiseleva, traditional classroom photo sessions are held on the steps of the amphitheater. Andrei Asadov is sincerely proud that in the school, in addition to the required set of premises, “we managed to organize a small element of public space, which, you can immediately see, works well”.
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zooming 1/4 Secondary school for 275 students Photo © Andrey Asadov
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zooming 2/4 Secondary school for 275 students Photo © Andrey Asadov
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zooming 3/4 Secondary school for 275 students Photo © Andrey Asadov
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zooming 4/4 Secondary school for 275 students Photo © Asya Belousova
Fire safety requirements, namely the isolation of parts of the building in case of fires, were met thanks to the use of fire curtains hidden in boxes around the entire perimeter of the atrium. When a fire alarm is triggered, these metal curtains, like roller shutters or garage doors, automatically fall and separate the atrium into a separate area, which prevents the spread of fire and smoke.
The corridors adjoining the auditoriums are compact and L-shaped, “curving” from the central building. Thanks to the humane scale and natural light, either along the entire length of the corridor or at the ends, the recreation gives the impression of spacious, but not inhuman spaces. You will not get lost here, how can you get lost in the endless corridors - "guts" of the typical Soviet school. In the walls separating the recreation from the classrooms, small window openings are provided, creating a feeling of permeability - although there are fewer of them than the architects initially wanted: communication risers hidden in the walls interfered.
The larger "petal" houses a universal sports hall with an area of 540 m2 with a ceiling to a height of two floors. In the same building, there are auditoriums, separated from the gym by a corridor that could have become deaf and dark, if not for one little trick that the architects went for. An anti-aircraft lantern is installed in the coffered ceiling at the far wall of the hall, and windows are arranged right next to it, in the wall of the corridor. So in recreation it is both light and interesting: you can look into the hall and see how schoolchildren go in for sports. “According to the standards, everything is in order, but the feeling of space is completely different,” Asadov notes with satisfaction. Another gym, gymnastic, with an area of almost 200 m2located in the other wing.
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zooming 1/5 Secondary school for 275 students Photo © Andrey Asadov
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zooming 2/5 Secondary school for 275 students Photo © Andrey Asadov
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zooming 3/5 Secondary school for 275 students Photo © Andrey Asadov
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zooming 4/5 Secondary school for 275 students Photo © Andrey Asadov
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zooming 5/5 Secondary school for 275 students Photo © Andrey Asadov
Among other interesting spaces, it is worth noting the library / media library - a bright and spacious room with abundant glazing and the ability to go out onto the terrace (although when we visited the school in November, the exit to the terrace was closed. It may be opened during the warmer months).
Sprout of the new
The school is located in a block with mixed development, remote from the center - next door is the private sector, a little further away are public buildings and 14-storey residential buildings. Against the background of other public buildings of Domodedovo, the school stands out for its modern and laconic appearance. The building is surprisingly well made, it is striking. Calmness, dignity and positive - these are the definitions that most accurately characterize the external appearance of the school. Here, for obvious reasons (budget, budget …) it was not possible to use any expensive or exclusive materials. The decoration of the facades was prompted by all the same norms - in the Moscow region, low-combustible materials are allowed in the cladding of educational institutions (in contrast to Moscow, where the cladding should be generally non-combustible). As a result, we settled on aluminum cassettes - aluminum just belongs to the category of low-combustible ones - and it is very pleasant that the choice fell not on flashy, supposedly "cheerful" children's colors, but on calm tones: light green, turquoise, yellow, gray and white.
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zooming 1/5 Secondary school for 275 students Photo © Andrey Asadov
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zooming 2/5 Secondary school for 275 students Photo © Andrey Asadov
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zooming 3/5 Secondary school for 275 students Photo © Andrey Asadov
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zooming 4/5 Secondary school for 275 students Photo © Andrey Asadov
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zooming 5/5 Secondary school for 275 students Photo © Andrey Asadov
The modest budget for the design did not allow the architects to immerse themselves in the detailed design of interiors, or to carry out full-fledged architectural supervision. Were only compiled general recommendations on colors, finishing materials. School interiors, by the way, made in general quite decently, could still be much more elegant and thoughtful if the architects could accompany the project to the end. To name at least the stair railings in the atrium - the choice of the railings made of polished stainless steel pipes, quite condos, was an unpleasant surprise for Andrey Asadov. “Round and shiny are two parameters that negate all design efforts,” he regrets.
The case of the Domodedovo school once again shows that the state is not ready to spend extra money on the construction and operation of schools, and, quoting the architect Sergei Skuratov, who once spoke on the school theme, “buildings with interesting, meaningful architecture make their way like sprouts through a cracked concrete, and every appearance is a heroic story. " The heroism of the Domodedovo school, undoubtedly taking place, was appreciated by the professional community. At the international review-competition of architectural projects in the field of education BuildSchool 2019, the school according to the ASADOV_ project took a bronze diploma in the category "The best object of new construction". In January of this year, it became known that this project, as expected, would be reused - it was approved for implementation in the village of Troparevo near Mozhaisk. This is good: one more sprout in cracked concrete.
