The wind of change sweeps over the streets and squares, ruffling roofs, thinning boulevards, dropping 30-storey towers in the middle of five-story buildings and taking away into oblivion, albeit worn out by time, but familiar and therefore dear to the heart, houses, quarters and squares. Is the wind to blame for the fact that on the site of the former fields you will no longer find a free piece of land and to continue experiments you have to put a new sample in place of the old one?
It was the turn of one of the honored old-timers of the south-west - the Cheremushkinsky market, which provided the adjacent areas from Gagarinskaya to Kaluga areas, first with agricultural products, then with a Chinese manufactory, and finally - all interspersed. Talks about its reconstruction with expansion and possible extension of an additional building have been going on for a long time. Within the framework of the Moscow Government's order No. 1138-PP dated 2001-18-12 "On additional measures to streamline market trade in Moscow", the owner of the building, OOO Cheryomushkinskiy rynok, accumulated funds and considered various options for reconstruction, which gradually acquired an increasingly global character, filling the entire area adjacent to the market, and hiding the old covering under the new floors. By 2003, the concept completely got rid of the architectural allusions to the outstanding structure that had stood here for 30 years.
history reference
In the 1970s, several unique buildings were built in Moscow to trade agricultural products. It was assumed that they would sell products from all over the country, as if at a fair. And they were built accordingly. Huge open halls, under high beautiful ceilings, trading life is in full swing, decorated with all the fruit and vegetable flowers. To cover large market premises without intermediate supports, one of the most progressive technologies at that time was used - reinforced concrete vaulted shells. Many world stars of architecture, such as Alvaro Siza and Oscar Niemeyer, created buildings at that time, the main element of which was coatings that combined the advantages of concrete and steel. Each material made its own contribution to ensuring the reliability of the structures and as a result, unprecedented compositions were obtained. Such work required the designers to have knowledge, experience, possession of the calculation system and a special sense of the structure, an understanding of its spatial work. Therefore, one of the best designers, N. V. Kancheli, was involved in the work. He designed the roofs of the Basmanny and Danilovsky markets in the form of a folded shell, as well as the sail vault * of the Cheryomushkinsky market. These buildings, built at about the same time, after the tragedy on Baumanskaya Street in February 2006, were automatically included in the "black list" of potentially dangerous, whose demolition depends only on the pace of approval of new projects in their place.
The tragedy of 2006 - the collapse of the roof of the Basmanny market, instantly made buildings of this type undesirable elements of the urban landscape, and therefore the conceptual architectural studies were activated and moved to the design stage. Back in 2003, a general volumetric-spatial solution of the complex was determined at the site of the Cheryomushkinsky market. Most of the corner section between Vavilova Streets and Lomonosovsky Prospect was occupied by a 4-storey building, in the center of which an atrium was supposed to be covered with a transparent vault (a slight hint of the concrete sails of the old market). Along the southwestern border of the site was a 19-storey plate of the market hotel. The rather traditional layout of the complex was unexpectedly broken by a huge opening in the high-rise block, which forms a giant window looking towards the sunset, since there are no other visual landmarks in that direction. More precisely, the corner staircase and elevator block in a glass frame rose lonely above the stylobate and only on the last 19th level was connected by a glass gallery with the hotel building.
Such a detailed description of the old project is no coincidence. Many of the ideas embodied in it have evolved over the course of five years from abstract shocking forms to energetic contemporary architecture, complemented by the latest technical developments. In fact, the composition has remained the same. The wide stylobate part repeats the configuration of the site; a high extended body is installed above it. In the opposite direction to the rounded outer corner of the stylobate, the vertical body is curved along a smooth arc and ends at the very top with a mezzanine floor with an almost 12-meter cantilever extension, like a wave of a magician's hand, hovering over the "magic cylinder" - the vaulted covering of the stylobate atrium through which the light of searchlights beats. And like a silvery cloak, the flat plane of the hotel wall "falls" from it, replacing the old "window to nowhere" in this place. It is here, and not in the "wizard's hat" that the main miracles will happen every evening. Instead of the precarious charm of the sunset, the viewer will be offered the most modern achievements in the field of lighting that can turn a wall into an unprecedented screen with an area of almost 3 thousand square meters, on which, with the help of thousands of special lamps, any dynamic image can be shown.
technical reference
The basis of the media facade technology is the integration of LED-LEDs into a lamellar-type metal structure that is assembled in front of the building facade. So, the total translucency of the glazing is only slightly reduced. Installations can be mounted not only on flat, but also on curved surfaces. The façade image is created using red, green and blue LEDs. Three or five LEDs in this color combination form one pixel in the image. The image quality depends on the number and density of LEDs, that is, on the point resolution and may change during operation. Using the media façade, you can broadcast television signals or animation and video clips from local devices, as well as unique dynamic building lighting programs. Static images are also possible, but the technical parameters of the media facade depend on the perception distance. In general, media screens can be configured so that the image can be seen from a distance of 20 meters, but this requires a significant increase in costs. The most rational solution provides for the distance to the viewer not less than 50-300 m, which will reduce the number of pixels (LED-light-emitting diodes) per unit area. In this case, the cost of media facades, per unit of usable area, will be about 4-5 times lower than that of street LED screens.
The solid glazing of the wall-screen is cut by thin vertical and horizontal imposts, while the curved facades of the high-rise building and the roof over the atrium are cut through by a metal structure of criss-crossing metal rods. This mesh serves both as the supporting structure of the shell and as a decorative element, the theme of which continues in the large glazed vertical planes of the stylobate. Some of the facades of the vertical body and stylobate are designed with the use of dark brown curtain panels, like thin lines drawing the stylobate into a horizontal one, and the high-rise building into a vertical strip.
The alternation of glass planes and dark inserts is designed to compositionally unite the new complex and the administrative building of the 70s, located on the opposite side of Vavilov Street. Although in this case, such correctness is unlikely to have a significant impact on the image of the building under construction. Under no circumstances will he get lost among his neighbors. This is a product of another century, another culture, which has replaced monumentality with other means of influencing a person. The era of "media" architecture begins, in which not only the form, proportions, textures and color will express the artist's artistic thought, but the entire outer shell of the building will become an interactive tool for conveying the artist's information and emotional charge to thousands of viewers.
