Alexander Kuzmin began with a rather acute question about the ratio of public and private capital in various sectors of social construction. How much to allow the investor and how much to leave to the city? The recent program on sports social facilities failed, the Mamontovs and Tretyakovs did not appear in our society, the promises of investors to let children and low-income strata of the population into gyms collapsed along with their imaginary patronage. Just the other day, Alexander Kuzmin noted, Yuri Luzhkov marked an unexpected turn - towards the construction of an urban network of sports centers.
Thus, education, health care and sports for the coming years will largely "fall on the shoulders of the city." The provision of the population with schools and kindergartens, as noted by Alexander Kuzmin, looks quite satisfactory today, although the buildings themselves are often already incredibly outdated. The objects of the 1960s-1970s today are mostly being demolished, and in their place there are typical kindergartens and schools with a capacity of 1.5 times more. As for new buildings, urban planning norms have now become much stricter, schools are allowed to build no higher than 4 floors, and kindergartens require a 300 meter free zone around them, so it is not easy to build a new social facility, given that closer to the city center you have to fight for every piece of land … Typical kindergartens are designed for 12 groups, each of which fits in its own volume, so that in case of quarantine, you will not have to close the entire kindergarten. Another thing is that this "ideal" type is not always implemented due to the lack of space. Where there is a place, “giants” arise, such as the largest school in Moscow on Khodynka for 1000 people. City investments in the construction of schools and kindergartens, according to Alexander Kuzmin, amount to 90%.
City investments in healthcare facilities - 75%. Today, as Kuzmin noted, there is an unusual radial layout of polyclinics, which is much more convenient, since, as a rule, visitors need to go to some one doctor. In this area of construction, the insolation factor is especially important, in particular for hospitals it is paramount. A successful solution to this was found in the new building of the Botkin Hospital: in the plan it is built with the letter E, so as to maximize the number of windows. Among the recent buildings, Alexander Kuzmin noted the Roshal hospital, which provides emergency care for children, and the "interesting in its almost postmodern solution" Center for Autistic Children, designed by Andrey Chernikhov.
With regard to sports, the Moscow government has promised to provide the population in the coming years with three types of facilities - skating rinks, swimming pools and sports and recreation complexes (FOCs), which, as already mentioned, were taken away from private investors. Each district will receive so many facilities that any resident can get to the pool in no more than 15 minutes on foot, and to the skating rink or sports complex - in 15 minutes by transport. The Mayor declared the next year a “year of equal opportunities”, in connection with which increased attention is paid to the design of sports facilities for the disabled. Sports and recreation complexes will be mainly two-storey, with a small building spot, while in different variations they also include a pool or skating rink. But the catch is that the residents of the Central Administrative District, or at least the security zone, apparently will have to do without new gyms and swimming pools, according to Kuzmin, they will have to choose: either live in a historical corner of Moscow or play sports. The planning structure of the old districts is not going to be disturbed by the construction of new large sports facilities.
In addition to "local" sports facilities, the program includes a number of city-wide facilities. Here Alexander Kuzmin mentioned the Ice Palace on Khodynka, the basketball and volleyball center in Krylatskoye, the Yantar stadium in Strogino, and the Elena Tchaikovskaya center conceived next to it. The development of the territory of Tushino for the construction of the Spartak stadium has already begun - it will consist of two fields: the main field and a training arena with an indoor hall. In parallel, the implementation of another large CSKA stadium is planned. This time, the project is half-commercial, so the stadium tower, which resembles a FIFA Cup - an inverted cone with a ball on top, will be given over to offices and a hotel. Finally, the third stadium, Dynamo, will be reconstructed while maintaining the direction of the pitch. In general, the chief architect of the city noted, not without satisfaction, that three clubs are now beginning to build their stadiums, with an average of 35 thousand seats each, which brings the capital to a level that allows all international competitions, except for the final ones. But for the latter, there is Luzhniki in Moscow. Another stadium will appear in the near future as part of the Moskvoretsky Park in Krylatskoye - for field hockey, and next to it - an object for beach volleyball competitions.
Finally, the most painful area today is culture - Alexander Kuzmin showed vast gaping voids on the diagram - as it turned out, 19 districts of the city do not have cultural centers at all. Art and music schools, houses of creativity, etc. are unprofitable objects, the city should be engaged in them, and meanwhile today 90% of investments in this area are private. So it turns out that the once popular palaces and houses of culture, clubs are turning by private traders into some completely uncultured establishments. Surprisingly, Moscow, it turns out, loves theaters incredibly, at least 2-3 new theaters are being commissioned every year. But in this case, the construction of local leisure centers seems to be more important, not cinemas as part of shopping malls growing like mushrooms, but clubs, exhibition halls, libraries, no longer separate, but as part of intellectual centers where the family could spend time. Speaking of libraries: the only separate and large object planned for the coming years is the city-wide Nekrasov Library on the site of the Bauman Market and, possibly, the Goethe Center of German Culture.
Another acute "cultural" issue today is the adaptation of historical monuments to new functions. Alexander Kuzmin mentioned only two of them - the Petrovsky Travel Palace and the Gostiny Dvor, and for the rest he sent them to the Moscow Heritage Committee, which, as you know, split from the Moscow Architecture Committee. So the restoration of the Petrovsky Palace, according to the chief architect of the city, is an example of a very good level. The palace is now a guest house - a hotel, but the excursion functions for it are preserved, in particular, tourists will be shown Napoleon's room and an exposition dedicated to the coronation of Russian sovereigns. But regarding Gostiny Dvor, Kuzmin has already spoken at a recent Public Council, talking about his intentions to end it with an observation deck and a rooftop restaurant. True, it has now become clear that a hotel will be housed in one of the wings, but this will not affect the appearance of the historic building.
Finally, the last topic that was touched upon at the press conference was the sore problem of the demolition of the housing stock of five-story buildings and the fate of those houses that were previously assessed as "unbearable", and there are no less than 19 million square meters of them in the city. m. As Alexander Kuzmin said, he did not plan to touch on this topic in yesterday's speech, but nevertheless he answered the question of the interested public, outlining the latest decisions regarding the notorious "Khrushchevs". So to demolish or do major repairs? Naturally, if the matter does not concern historical monuments, then, according to the mayor, the residents themselves now decide the fate of their home. If they have made a major overhaul and do not want to leave, no one will touch them in this case, but as polls have shown, there are not many of them. In general, according to Alexander Kuzmin, if the city takes over this entire program, and does not shift it to investors, then it is wiser to go for demolition, since an increase in the volume of demolition reduces the yield of new areas.
In order to attract an investor, the ratio must be 1/3, i.e. demolishing one square meter, they must build 3.5 square meters. m., of which 1.5 to provide a resident (this is the average resettlement rate), and the rest is received by the investor. Thus, if the coefficient is high, then the territory of the microdistrict is simply not enough for new construction, and this will be an incredibly protracted process. If the city takes over the five-storey buildings - and this will become known in April, the renewal of the housing stock will go faster. Why, as Alexander Kuzmin said, a new tactic has been invented - the so-called "starting houses" - when residents of a house intended for demolition suffer from a lack of insolation for a year or a year and a half due to a building under construction nearby, but then receive equivalent housing in it. When a resident knows that he will get one and a half times more area in the same area, then he will probably agree to be patient for a while. After the resettlement, the old five-story building is demolished and another new house is being built there.
In continuation of the housing issue, those present remembered the program for the reconstruction of the area adjacent to the MIBC "City" and about the planned housing there. To which the chief architect of the city replied that “I haven’t seen housing yet,” until recently, mainly office space was growing here - until it was banned, fearing to create a very large traffic jam at the entrances to the City. In the coming years, as noted by Alexander Kuzmin, the construction of new quarters is planned primarily in the area of the Atom MZHK, next to Marshal Zhukov Avenue and next to the Trolleybus Park in the Zvenigorodskoye Highway area. The notorious Kamushki district will nevertheless be demolished, and the residents will have to negotiate in order to move everyone to new houses within the CAD by 2011.
