JSC Institute Hydroproject is a leading Russian (formerly Soviet) organization that designs hydropower and water facilities. Since 1930, the institute has designed over 250 hydroelectric power plants (HPPs) in Russia, the Baltic States and the CIS (with a total capacity of more than 65 GW), 90 HPPs abroad (with a total capacity of more than 26 GW). Hydroproject is one of the world's leading design organizations in the field of hydropower.
Natalia Rybasenko is the author of projects for the buildings of the Zaragizhskaya, Verkhnebalkarskaya and Ust-Dzhegutinskaya SHPPs.
From 2005 to 2010 - an architect in design organizations, worked on projects of residential, public and industrial buildings, from 2010 to the present - chief specialist of JSC Institute Hydroproject. She performed the duties of the chief architect at the following facilities: Zagorskaya PSPP-2 on the r. Kunye, Zaragizhskaya SHPP on the river. Cherek, complex reconstruction of the Volzhskaya hydroelectric power station on the river. Volga, technological building and GIS 500 and 220 kV Rogun HPP, Verkhnebalkarskaya SHPP on the river. Cherek Balkarsky, Ust-Dzhegutinskaya SHPP.
The institute and its branches employ 788 people, including seven doctors of sciences, 46 candidates of sciences. 27 specialists have state awards.
The Department of Architecture and Building Structures of the Institute (OASK) is engaged in the design of the topsides of buildings of hydroelectric power plants. At the same time, the upper structure of the hydroelectric power station is, in fact, an industrial building, the peculiarity of which is that the base (foundation) is the hydrotechnical part. In addition, the department designs service buildings, auxiliary structures, that is, almost all non-hydraulic structures.
Features of the design of hydroelectric power plants
The building of the hydroelectric power station consists of a turbine hall and a block of service and production premises or a service and production building. In addition, the building of the hydroelectric power station is divided into underground and above-ground parts (superstructure). In the block of service and production premises there are technical, household and administrative premises.
The underground part is assembled by hydraulic engineers with the assistance of an architect. The topside is designed by architects in conjunction with designers. The entire building is designed according to the technical specifications of process engineers: hydromechanics, electricians, crane equipment engineers, etc.
When designing a block of office and production premises, the architect solves several complex problems, namely:
- how to link technical rooms with each other in accordance with the requirements of engineers;
- how to place among the technical administrative and household premises, without violating the rules and regulations;
- how to fit all these premises into the perimeter specified by the hydraulic engineering requirements (hydraulic concrete serves as the basis for the block of service and production premises).
At the stage of building layout, several options for the location of the premises are considered.
Choosing ARCHICAD
Institute architects have been working at ARCHICAD since 2011. The department employees, who had not previously used this software, began their acquaintance with the program with an experiment: they tried to develop working and design documentation for the Zagorskaya PSHPP-2 in the program. The result showed that the use of ARCHICAD significantly speeds up the preparation of documentation. The only difficulty was in converting drawings from ARCHICAD to DWG format, but gradually the specialists solved this problem with the help of flexible settings of the DWG translator.
Today, the benefits of working in ARCHICAD are obvious to us. As already mentioned, we consider many options for the layout of the premises before making a choice. The program allows you to quickly create a building model, simultaneously develop planning and facade solutions, and quickly make adjustments to the project.
Architectural drawings for working documents include various floor plans: masonry plan, hole plans, floors, ceilings, luggage reinforcement structures, etc. Using the ARCHICAD view map, the architect creates all plans from one model, rather than drawing them separately. And again we get a reduction in work time and changes to the working documentation.
Interaction of working groups
The institute's designers work in AutoCAD. Engineers perform calculations of the building structures of small hydroelectric power plants in the SCAD computer complex. Based on these calculations, they develop a 3D model of the building's load-bearing structures, carry out a finite element strength analysis and establish cross-sections for all building load-bearing structures.
The interaction of architects and engineers in the design of hydroelectric buildings is built as follows. Architects receive technological diagrams from engineers of related departments and, on their basis, develop planning solutions for the building. Building structures are designed based on the required building layout. The architectural and construction department issues to the technological departments as a technical assignment drawings of building structures, which they then use as a basis for placing engineering systems.
To transfer plans to adjacent departments, architects save two versions of drawings in the DWG format in ARCHICAD: the first - drawings with stamps, fully executed in a layout book, which are opened in AutoCAD in sheets with drawings in the form of blocks; the second is drawings saved from the viewport that open in AutoCAD in model space. In the first version, the drawings are broken and, in the opinion of most engineers, are unusable. Nevertheless, they are suitable for some specialists, as they are fully decorated. In the second version, the drawings retain their properties, it is easier to work with them, and therefore most of the subordinates use them as a layout.
Small HPPs: Zaragizhskaya, Verkhnebalkarskaya and Ust-Dzhegutinskaya
Today one of the leading directions for JSC "Institute Hydroproject" is the design of small hydroelectric power plants (SHPP).
Architects of SHPP buildings in their decisions take into account the following important circumstances:
- technical, administrative and household premises are assembled on a small building site;
- the planning solution meets technological requirements, current norms and rules, including fire safety;
- structures and materials are used, which, among other things, allow the building to be erected in a short time and with minimal costs.
The constructed buildings do not always correspond to the working documentation of the project. Let's consider such a case on the example of the object “Zaragizhskaya SHPP on the river. Cherek.
Object: Zaragizhskaya small hydroelectric power station on the river. Cherek
| Period of work: 2013-2015. Status: project completed. Software used: ARCHICAD, AutoCAD, SCAD. | Chief Engineer: M. F. Ukhanov. Deputy Chief Engineer: O. L. Negovsky. GAP (author of the project): N. E. Rybasenko. Architects: P. S. Lobachev, I. N. Smirnova, D. M. Zasyadko. |
Initially, it was planned to construct a building from a metal frame using hinged prefabricated reinforced concrete panels, which are tiled and insulated using a hinged ventilated facade system (in a similar way, a similar building of the Kashkhatau SHPP, commissioned in 2010, was built).
At the request of the customer, the reinforced concrete panels were replaced with sandwich panels, which simplified the appearance of the building. Due to the tight construction timeframe and limited funding, some of the solutions could not be implemented by the builders. Changes to the project were made during construction, and this, of course, was reflected in the architectural appearance of the building.
Now we are working on architectural solutions for two small hydroelectric power plants - Verkhnebalkarskaya SHPP (Kabardino-Balkar Republic) and Ust-Dzhegutinskaya SHPP (Karachay-Cherkess Republic). We are developing both projects in ARCHICAD.
Object: Verkhnebalkarskaya SHPP on the river. Cherek Balkarsky (Kabardino-Balkarian Republic)
| Period of work: present. Status: under development. Used software: ARCHICAD, AutoCAD, SCAD. | Chief Engineer: M. F. Ukhanov. Deputy Chief Engineer: A. S. Terlikov A. S. GAP (author of the project): N. E. Rybasenko. Architects: V. V. Bashkatov, P. S. Lobachev, A. S. Usoltsev, E. S. Azarov. |
We have taken into account the experience of design and implementation of the Zaragizhskaya SHPP and provide economical and simple solutions in current projects. The initially economically designed building ultimately looks more harmonious than a building whose more complex design was simplified during construction.
About GRAPHISOFT
GRAPHISOFT® revolutionized the BIM in 1984 with ARCHICAD®, the industry's first CAD BIM solution for architects. GRAPHISOFT continues to lead the architectural software market with innovative products such as BIMcloud ™, the world's first real-time collaborative BIM design solution, EcoDesigner ™, the world's first fully integrated energy modeling and energy efficiency assessments of buildings, and BIMx® is the leading mobile application for the demonstration and presentation of BIM models. Since 2007, GRAPHISOFT has been part of the Nemetschek Group.
