The MArchI master's program leaves the graduating departments the freedom to choose the type of master's work and the direction of research. The master's program of the Department of Architecture of Residential Buildings is a design program, where the result of research work is a series of projects, united by a common research problem. Theoretical developments have direct access to design, that is, on the basis of ongoing research, undergraduates formulate extended terms of reference for specific experimental projects.
Over the course of two years of intensive design and scientific work, the undergraduates of the group under the guidance of Professor Vladimir Yudintsev have prepared a series of projects united by the search for methods and directions for humanizing the urban environment of Moscow.
Vladimir Yudintsev
Professor of Moscow Architectural Institute, head of the group:
“We did not set any supernatural tasks for our masters. They only watched that the topics were really tangibly real, regardless of whether we offered them to them, or they themselves found. It turned out that all the topics "fit" into the Moscow material and the intrigue of handling it was equally close to both students and teachers. Without such reciprocity, it is both difficult and boring to walk a two-year path, and most importantly, there is nothing to surprise each other with. And so at least once, but pleasant surprises happened to mutual enrichment. Another important property of the master's stage of training, in our opinion, is the deliverance of students from the "piece" approach to urban design, this habitual "dislocation" of domestic architectural practice. It is better to get rid of it in the Moscow Architectural Institute than later on in the nature of accomplishments, when you understand everything, but you can’t correct anything”.
We publish nine master's projects.
Structuring large quarters of the Central Administrative District
Stanislava Kungurov
The project is dedicated to “the development of methods for structuring, compaction and humanization of the environment of three Moscow quarters with different characteristics”.
The goal of “structuring” is to transform huge blocks into smaller and denser ones: planning the development and compaction of buildings, turning overly large blocks into permeable ones, increasing their communication. The consequence should be a transition to a "more structured neighborhood development". The author examines the reasons for the looseness of the urban fabric of Moscow, comparing the time cuts of the development of its buildings with other European cities and comes to the conclusion that "the main difference between Moscow quarters is multi-echelon."
Office and residential complexes in city zones with a problematic transport situation
Ekaterina Aquit
In this work, schemes for the interaction of residential and business functions have been developed, the principles of placing such complexes in the structure of Moscow on two contrasting types of territories - in zones of transport stress - in the central part, and zones of transport deficit in the periphery.
The placement of office and residential complexes with additional public functions in the areas of the city's communication deficit will create centers of social activity for areas lagging behind in terms of transport.
In the zones of transport and functional stress of the city, the placement of such complexes will also make it possible to reduce the intensity of pendulum trips between places of work and housing by a point addition to the existing buildings.
A series of sections was lined up with the aim of considering and analyzing various methods of interaction between the two functions. Each of the analyzed areas determines its own methods of combining housing and places of employment, allows you to create specific volumetric-spatial combinations, suggesting new unusual images and forms.
Principles of connecting former industrial territories to the existing transport, functional and social structure of the city
Lydia Lukyanova
Based on the analysis of the transport structure, functional content and the degree of communication, a new type of classification of former industrial zones is determined - isolated and nodal, on which further research is based. A phased inclusion of industrial territories into the existing urban context is proposed, which allows minimizing the load on the city's transport network and gradually supplementing the transport frame with new roads. Based on the analysis of the world experience in renovation and taking into account the specifics of Moscow, the main aspects of the general phased connection are formulated.
The result of the work is the development of a comprehensive design solution for the withdrawn industrial territories, concentrated around the Tverskaya Zastava square. The complex solution provides for the most efficient and varied use of the selected territories, namely: a cultural and social complex, backup reactions at the station, a well-thought-out road transport network, a landscape-architectural complex.
Completion of residential areas in the historic center
Ekaterina Morozova
Based on a comprehensive analysis of the urban planning specifics of Moscow and its comparison with the development of the largest European cities (Barcelona, Paris, Berlin, London), it was found that, contrary to public opinion, the center of Moscow is in dire need of renovation and reconstruction of the historical environment, with the restoration of the street-road network and systems of quarter development with the restoration of the scale and qualities of the "old" city. Moscow is far behind European cities in terms of the density of the urban fabric, the efficiency of the quarterly structure and the system of the street road network. Therefore, the conservation of the historic center will only exacerbate the existing urban planning problems.
When working with the historical environment, it is necessary to apply individual techniques that take into account the peculiarities of the place and the context of the environment:
- restoration of the historical structure in case of its partial absence
- creation of a new system of passages in the absence of a road network
- completion of the quarterly perimeter
- return to the scale of the historical quarter development
- restoration of the yard space
- creation of permeability and visibility of the landscape
Compaction of the peripheral territories of the city of Moscow
Mikhail Ivanov
Areas with large-scale residential buildings on the outskirts of the capital are a big problem for the intensive development of the city. In these areas, the following were identified: excessive stretching of all types of communications (pedestrian, transport, etc.); compositional formation of residential areas in relation to sociocultural objects (preschool educational institutions, schools, etc.); large operating volumes of development, the smallest of which is a section; refusal to use small-quarter buildings, depriving the townspeople of the usual street service.
As a result of identifying these problems, a system for compaction of buildings was developed, carried out by wave (step-by-step) reconstruction. The emphasis is on revising the interaction of residential, socio-cultural and educational buildings, which is the main factor in the territorial expansion of these areas.
Organization of public centers in the periphery of Moscow as the basis for the regeneration of its buildings
Anastasia Popova
The study is devoted to the methods of placement of socio-cultural and service functions in the general structure of inter-highway areas of the periphery of Moscow.
The main task for all projects was to create a temporary scheme for the development of the center, which was subsequently transformed into a wave reconstruction of the area as a whole.
The principles of placing public functions in the structure of peripheral areas were proposed:
- linearity and length - building up socio-cultural and service functions on the pedestrian route leading to the metro station.
- availability for various groups of the population;
- creating a comfortable and safe environment - leveling pedestrians and people using bicycles, scooters, skateboards;
- preserving the privacy of residential courtyards - developing walking routes only on transit routes;
- creation of a scheme for wave reconstruction of the district, in which functions are introduced gradually, responding to the preferences and wishes of the residents of the districts.
University campuses in the structure of modern Moscow
Anna Vodolazskaya
80% of higher educational institutions are concentrated in the Central zone of Moscow. The study identified five interuniversity areas for the implementation of a new urbanized campus model. The main task of the new model is to fill the deficit of functions of nearby existing institutions and the urban environment.
Four fundamentally different pilot projects were developed, organized around the principle of complementarity between campus and city. The university dormitory campus on Perunovsky Lane is an example of a permeable neighborhood in a residential environment. The sports and recreational university campus in the Shabolovskaya metro area is a linear, permeable and completely open landscape structure for the townspeople, focused on replenishing the sports function of this area. The university campus in the Basmanny District on the site of a former industrial area is an example of the reorganization of the city's "backyard" into a multifunctional center of attraction for the district. A university campus in a multifunctional environment on Bolshaya Serpukhovskaya Street is an example of a multifunctional object inscribed in the architectural context.
The integration of the urbanized model of university campuses will entail the transformation and development of the existing urban environment. Thanks to the "open" model of the student campus, the city gets the opportunity to partially or completely use new public spaces, which, in fact, are points of attraction for citizens.
Vector factor in high-rise construction as an element of orientation in the city
Maxim Matveev
At the present stage of development, the building structure of Moscow is becoming fragmented. The background residential buildings are growing rapidly, the connection between the districts is being lost, complicating the orientation in the city. This problem can be solved with the help of a "chain" communication system of vector high-rise and "volume-active" buildings in key areas of the city plan. The study is devoted to the problem of constructing a chain communication system from vector high-rise buildings in key areas of the city plan.
Vector architecture - buildings that express spatial directions and landmarks in their form. The emergence of the theme of vector buildings was facilitated by the abstract art of the 20th century, which formed the figurative component of vector buildings.
The system of symbolic symbols of vector high-rise buildings can serve as an evidence base for urban planning explanations, with the help of which certain symbolic forms and signs can be applied. Form creation should be a logical process. As part of the work, pilot projects were carried out at three sites for a detailed explanation of the identified theoretical positions.
Restoration of the humane scale of the urban squares of the historic city as public spaces
Ivan Chernyakov
The study is devoted to the problem of irrational and inhuman use of urban spaces, namely, city-wide areas located in the central part of Moscow, mainly at the intersection of rings with large load-bearing highways. Four areas were selected for the study: Arbatskaya, Taganskaya, Oktyabrskaya and Dobryninskaya.
Based on the analysis of violations, a general picture of those public spaces was identified, which first of all require in-depth analysis and the development of a design solution that would allow to restore a humane space in stages not only for pedestrians, but also for all types of transport. In some areas, restoration of the scale and outlines of the old buildings is required (Oktyabrskaya - Dobryninskaya), in others - the use of modern developments in the field of urban planning, transport organization, and architectural concepts (Arbatskaya, Taganskaya).
Another important factor is that in the course of humanization of the square's space, the cultural material of the past is integrated into new architectural solutions, which implies the work of the architect with such concepts as “spirit of the place”, “historical memory”, “local tradition”. Obviously, this approach provides a special cultural value for the new architectural space and enriches the language of modern architecture.
Regeneration of the inter-highway frame of the historical part of Moscow
Pavel Nesnov
The centers of the inter-highway frame are fragments of the urban historical environment that have preserved the historical elements of building, filled the districts with the function of center-formation and continue to actively exist fully or partially.
The study is aimed at finding the regeneration of the inter-highway frame of the historical part of Moscow. The study emphasizes the need to restore the centers of the inter-highway frame, as points of social attraction in the considered areas of Moscow. The paper proposes ways to solve the problems of transport accessibility, redistribution of pedestrian flows to transform territories into a more comfortable environment for city residents.
In the course of the study, the possibilities of preserving fragments of the environment, with the help of regeneration and the formation of new architectural accents, were considered. The task is to develop a program for the development of the territory of the "old" Nemetskaya Sloboda adjacent to the Baumanskaya metro station by combining the modern activity system and the historical (existed before the metro era), which can restore the points of attraction of the community in such areas. A variant of their further development is proposed.
