As part of the next coursework, 4th year students of the Moscow Architectural Institute were engaged in projects of a residential area. Moreover, they were offered to come up with not ordinary sleeping areas of today, but housing that may appear in the city in the near future. What will the Moscow buildings look like in 25 years? What kind of housing will replace the standard panel houses? What will the capital's courtyards and streets be like? In what direction will the life of the townspeople change? Students tried to find an answer to these and many other questions in just one month.
The teachers of the 6th group offered their students a very real situation. Novogireevo, Chertanovo, Otradnoye, Bibirevo and other residential areas located near the Moscow Ring Road, where most of the buildings were built in the second half of the last century, were chosen as the design sites. It is assumed that after the demolished five-story buildings, these areas will be freed from old and obsolete buildings in the near future. What would appear in their place - and the fourth-year students decided, who were given almost complete freedom of choice. They could turn both to existing urban planning models - from traditional neighborhoods to new-generation neighborhoods - and to invent their own complex compositional and functional structures that could give a new quality to the living environment. The main task that was set for the students was to understand, feel and try to offer original and innovative approaches to urban planning.
In addition to the project itself, each student developed a layout and prepared video presentations that allow them to get acquainted in more detail with his idea.
We present the best projects of students, selected by the teachers of the group Vsevolod Medvedev, Zurab Basaria and Mikhail Kanunnikov.
Alena Gruzinova. "Residential area in Beskudnikovo"
The author of the project proposed an interesting planning solution for the microdistrict located at the intersection of Dmitrovskoye and Korovinskoye highways. The basis is taken as a perfect, according to the author's natural image - pomegranate. Its complex, but very rational and logical structure with many interconnected core cells and division into parts may well be transferred to the urban site plan. In addition to using the natural principle, the author turns to the exact sciences - to mathematics, without which it is impossible to correctly build the architecture of the microdistrict.
The territory, like a beautiful southern fruit, is fragmented into many cozy quarters, where large yards become juicy and large "nuclei", and the central axis of the boulevard acts as the core. The mathematical foundation is presented in the form of a geometric grid of the Voronoi diagram, which is built based on the semantic points and zones of attraction of the region. The project proposal provides for the construction of the site with 12-storey residential buildings located around the perimeter. The number of storeys of buildings decreases towards the center. Such a solution, according to the author, will create a comfortable environment protected from pollution and noise from highways. Also, a tower-type development is designed as a separate block, located as far as possible from the loaded routes.
In addition to the main landscaping and landscaping of courtyards and adjacent territories, it is proposed to preserve the line of the square, which runs along Beskudnikovsky Boulevard, and Orlovsky Park, hidden in the depths of the district. All this will create the atmosphere of a garden-city inside the building - quiet and green.
Polina Korochkova. "Residential area in Central Chertanovo"
The project proposes to transform one of the microdistricts located in Yuzhny Chertanovo. The author saw his main task as creating a comfortable urban environment, where space for life and recreation is adjacent to places of employment. An equally important task was the formation of the most open and permeable territory. Hence - an interesting solution to the master plan, formed by a number of residential areas, which, in turn, are built into a continuous natural strip of parks, squares and ponds. In the west there is a large Bitsevsky park, in the south there are vast reservoirs. An extended green stripe cuts the site diagonally. Along it, it was decided to arrange the central pedestrian axis of the district, to which almost all residential buildings are oriented. Schools and kindergartens, as well as a separately provided large public center, which at the same time serves as a stylobate for the highest towers of the district, reaching 60 meters, are also facing here.
In general, the number of storeys of buildings varies from three to 20 floors. In addition to the height, the typologies of buildings also vary. So, on the western side interesting terraced houses are being built with access to the exploited roofs for residents of the upper floors. Opposite, linear buildings of variable number of storeys are concentrated, whose stepped silhouettes echo the terraces of neighboring buildings. Some of the buildings are raised above the ground on columns to the level of the first floor, which adds permeability to the building and creates additional short routes, forms cozy courtyards, promenade galleries and squares.
Polina Yavna. "Residential area in Novogireevo"
The design was based on the existing Novogireevo district, located not far from the Terletsky forest park, on the one hand, and the metro station, on the other. Today this part of the city is a typical residential area with monotonous panel buildings. Instead of gray five-story buildings and boring street layout, the author of the project proposes to form a single long pedestrian route connecting the metro with the park. All public and leisure functions are grouped along this central boulevard, placed in the body of elongated gallery-type buildings with variable number of storeys. It is also proposed to arrange housing in them. Specifically curved buildings are thrown across the pedestrian boulevard by giant bridges, creating an unusual effect for strolling pedestrians.
Residential buildings adjacent to the central pedestrian boulevard grow out of a single base - a two-story stylobate that serves as an additional public block. Tower-type houses placed on the periphery of the site were also installed on the same stylobate. The bulk of the development is buildings with variable number of storeys and free planning, which gives the environment a variety and recognizability. Kindergartens and schools are located directly in the residential area. The presence of cars in the yards is minimized.
Diana Tunyan. "Residential area in Cheryomushki"
The project provides for the reconstruction of a residential area located on Sevastopolsky Avenue and occupying an area of about 46 hectares. The author sees as his main task the unification of residential, public and municipal zones with the surrounding parks, including Bitsevsky, cut off from the area by a highway. Based on this, a general development plan is being drawn up, where all pedestrian threads are in one way or another directed towards the park areas.
It is proposed to connect the two parks with the help of an extended zigzag boulevard, which turns into a large pedestrian bridge over the highway. The bridge passes by the projected shopping center, and then leads residents directly to Bitsevsky Park, bypassing the noisy highway. Convenient ramps and lifts will make the walk comfortable for both disabled people and cyclists.
The boulevard, bridges, as well as public and social infrastructure are located on the border of the district, and its main part is occupied by buildings, divided into three sectors. The western and largest is given over to accommodate 10- and 12-storey tower and sectional residential buildings. Offices are concentrated closer to the road. Separately, in the immediate vicinity of the park, there is an educational block with its own sports field.
Irina Korotkaya. "Residential area in South Tushino"
The area in South Tushino, located along the perimeter of the Skhodnensky Zaton, was chosen as the design site. Access to the picturesque natural park is limited by a noisy road. In addition, a large closed industrial zone is located not far from the boundaries of the site, which also significantly limits the design possibilities.
Given the difficult situation, the project made an attempt to free up space, make it more accessible and friendly. It is based on such simple and understandable images as the game "Tetris" and the QR code. "Tetris" became the prototype for the layout and filling of space with several types of houses, and the QR code helped to identify the dominants within the neighborhoods. As a result, the main area was occupied by sectional houses, the shape of which resembles tightly fitted Tetris figures. Playgrounds and green gardens are laid out inside small courtyards. There are no cars in the courtyards, all of them are located inside the underground parking, freeing up the ground space for residents. In another part of the district, along the perimeter of the backwater, ten 25-storey towers rise, from which a beautiful view of the floodplain opens.
