The universal bearing subsystem was created by the specialists of LLC "OrtOst-Fasad" and tested at the construction of the Resurrection Church of the Russian Armed Forces in the "PATRIOT" park.
Maxim Pavlov, Chief Engineer of the OrtOst-Facad company, Chief Engineer for the Construction of the External Cladding of the Temple of the Russian Armed Forces
Universal support system as a way to optimize planning solutions
In the design process, one of the main tasks of architects and designers is to find such space-planning solutions in which the building volume of the building would be used as efficiently and efficiently as possible. This task corresponds to such a layout option when the ratio of the area of the premises of the main functional purpose to the total volume of the building is maximum. Meanwhile, any building requires the allocation of a part of the building volume for engineering support tasks and for auxiliary purposes. For this, shafts are provided for laying communications, premises for placing electrical panels, and the overhead space for laying and breeding communications is increased. With a large accumulation of communications, their placement inside the building causes difficulties. The intersection of communications with each other and with the supporting structures of the building always requires additional analysis and attention, often becoming the reason for making adjustments to ready-made solutions. Special difficulties are caused by the installation of additional engineering systems or the reconstruction of existing … At the same time, the architect is also limited by the permitted building height and building area. In these conditions, the interfacial space, which traditionally does not carry any other functional load in addition to the aesthetic design of the facade, is a resource for optimizing the space-planning solutions of the entire building.
Options for optimizing planning solutions using the capabilities of a universal carrier system
Consider a variant of a building with a hinged ventilated facade. The material of the facade cladding is not critical. In the standard version, typical subsystems are used, designed for a minimum facade extension of 200-300 mm without the possibility of their maintenance. Imagine now, what the removal of the cladding of the entire facade or part of it increases to 1 - 2 m. As a result, we get additional interfacial space, the useful volume of which can be used. In this volume, rational placement is possible:
- Ventilation and smoke exhaust routes,
- Power supply cables and low-current systems
- Storm sewerage gutters and gutters
- Household sewerage outlets
- Vacuum dust removal systems
- Waste disposal systems
- Engineering equipment (fans, air conditioners)
- Electrical and low-current boards
- CCTV systems
- Architectural lighting
- Additional evacuation and ladder ladders for facade maintenance
- Engineering communications inputs (instead of organizing pits)
- Storage devices
According to the normative definition, the building area does not include protruding parts of the facade at a height of more than 4.5 m. Therefore, the use of a universal supporting system allows the architect, in parallel with solving the problem of creating an expressive decorative design of the facade, create additional building volume without increasing the building area … For example, communications extending at the level of the first floor from such technical premises as ITP, ASU, ventilation chambers can go into the facade at a height of 4.5 m. Due to the removal of part of communications, equipment and even premises into the interfacial space the architect gets more space and freedom to make optimal planning decisions, and issues of placement of communications and their intersections are solved automatically … This is important given the fact that at the initial design stage, data on the required space for communications is not yet available, which often leads to the need to subsequently make adjustments to already agreed solutions.
The presence of an exploited inter-facade space is also simplifies and reduces the cost of entering communications into the building, which can be organized not through the device of pits, but through the facade, while the inputs themselves will be hidden by the facade.
-
zooming 1/4 The main temple of the RF Armed Forces. Integration of the subsystem and the smoke exhaust duct © provided by "ORTOST-FASAD"
-
zooming 2/4 The main temple of the RF Armed Forces. Integration with elements of trays, snow retention and ventilation © provided by "ORTOST-FASAD"
-
zooming 3/4 The main temple of the RF Armed Forces. Staircase integrated into the interfacial space © provided by "ORTOST-FASAD"
-
zooming 4/4 The main temple of the RF Armed Forces. Architectural lighting integrated into the facade structure © provided by "ORTOST-FASAD"
Organization of the exploited inter-facade space using a universal bearing system and the advantage of its operation
When organizing an exploited interfacial space, access to it is necessary. Service access is convenient to organize from different tiers of the building by means of the arrangement of exits from the corridors directly into the interfacial space. The same exits can be arranged from a built-in or built-in staircase. Another example is the placement in the inter-facade volume of premises for the installation of electrical panels on the floors. The boards themselves are placed in the inter-facade space, and access to them is easy to organize from the main building without direct access to the inter-facade space.
The movement in the inter-facade space is organized according to the supporting structures of the universal supporting system. In certain cases, such exits, with appropriate engineering equipment, it is advisable to make also evacuation exits, which will allow reduce the number of escape stairs and corridors on the floor.
Exits from the building to the exploited interfacial space will create easy access to service not only engineering communications, but also facade … Replacement of individual elements of the facade, minor repairs, replacement of architectural lighting lamps, installation of advertising structures, inspection of the condition of insulation and structures - all this becomes possible.
In the presence of an exploited facade space there is no need to make outlets of communications through the roof and place equipment on it, which not only increases the load on it, including from snow bags, but also always increases the risk of leaks. When placing ventilation equipment and air duct outlets in the facade, and not on the roof, it will protect them from snow and rain and wind.
I especially want to note relevance of opportunities new subsystem for renovation or renovation projects buildings. When the existing communications require replacement, and there is not enough space for laying them, in such cases, the combination of laying new communications with the facade cladding is reasonable and allows you to avoid large-scale work inside the building.
Often when organizing restaurants and cafes on the ground floor of a building, it is required to lay a separate hood to the level of the building's roof, the appearance of which spoils the facade. The device of the exploited inter-facade space allows these and other install systems at any timewithout distorting the appearance of the facade.
The economic effect of using a universal carrier system
The design principles of the universal support system allow you to create additional usable volume of a building of any configuration. Wherein the cost this construction volume, significantly less the cost of the heated construction volume of the main building. This is achieved through system efficiency and the fact that the existing supporting structures of the building are used as support. Thus the building becomes cheaper as a whole due to the saving of expensive usable space … In multi-storey buildings, only a decrease in the interceiling space can make it possible to place an additional storey in the same building volume.
-
zooming 1/4 The main temple of the RF Armed Forces. Column of the lower tier of the belfry © provided by "ORTOST-FASAD"
-
zooming 2/4 The main temple of the RF Armed Forces. Snare drum © provided by "ORTOST-FASAD"
-
zooming 3/4 The main temple of the RF Armed Forces. Installation of arched framing of the main drum windows © provided by "ORTOST-FASAD"
-
zooming 4/4 The main temple of the RF Armed Forces. Installation of arched framing of the main drum windows © provided by "ORTOST-FASAD"
It is not by chance that we use the term “universal” in the name of the system. Its purpose is not only in organizing the removal and fastening of the cladding. Its elements are integrated with the fastening of engineering communications … Installation of utilities inside a building often requires the installation of separate additional supporting systems to fix them, especially in places where there are no supporting structures next to communications. With the combined laying of communications in the interfacial space to fix them, the same supporting structures are used, which also reduces the cost of the building as a whole. Organization of communication maintenance will not only be more convenient and cheaper due to free access, the communication routes themselves will be cheaper by reducing their length. And, for example, for ventilation routes there is no need to avoid intersections with supporting structures and other communications allows to apply most effective and economical circular air ducts, which also significantly reduces the cost of this system. We also note that the removal of ventilation routes into the facade allows reduce noise from them and reduce the cost of noise protection measures. Of course, it must be borne in mind that for the normal functioning of some engineering systems in the interfacial space, they need to be insulated, and sometimes heated. But at the same time, we note that local protection against freezing is much cheaper than heating (or cooling) that additional building volume of the building, which these structures occupy inside. In addition, the required operating temperature is lower than the temperature inside the building. Also, in many cases, taking into account the general tight deadlines for construction, will be importantthat, in the presence of a mounted subsystem with the organization of exits to it from the building for the subsequent installation of the cladding forests are no longer needed. Installation can be carried out from the inside, from the side of the interfacial space or with the use of cradles and small mechanization. This will not only reduce the cost of renting forests, but also allow you to start work on the improvement of the territory earlier..
It is also important to note that the developed, but not yet approved GOST on corrosion protection of sub-cladding structures of ventilated facade systems requires access for inspection and diagnostics of the state of the subsystem. In the absence of such a possibility, the operating conditions of the subsystem increase by one point, which leads to the need for additional protection of the substructure.
Integrated design of interfacial space and engineering systems in it
Of course, the use of interfacial space to solve the described tasks requires qualified design taking into account all regulatory requirements. For some systems, insulation is required, for some, on the contrary, natural ventilation for cooling, for some - the device of niches for hidden laying. The very idea of joint integrated installation of engineering systems and load-bearing structures of the facade cladding requires joint working design of these systems. All these issues are resolved during the detailed design. within the framework of a single universal carrier system. Specialists of LLC "OrtOst-Fasad" have the necessary experience and capabilities for this.
