MARCHI: Gold Medal 2020

2024 Author: David Durham | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 02:26

The creative award for MARCHI graduates, which encourages success in mastering the profession of an architect, was established in 1995. Students who have shown the best academic performance in the major creative disciplines and architectural design take part in a two-stage competition.

According to the program of the first stage of the competition, which took place in February 2020, the participants presented a short project "Inhabited Bridge" (sketch, layout, booklet). A shortlist of participants was formed. In the second round, the final qualifying works of the contestants were considered. Since 2017, the medal has been awarded in two nominations - Master and Bachelor.

We publish projects of the winners and finalists of the competition.

Gold medal of MARCHI in the nomination "Master"

Vladimir Eremeev

Department of "Reconstruction in architecture"

Master's thesis "The concept of rehabilitation of complexes of buildings of the period of constructivism on the example of the" Town of Chekists "in Yekaterinburg"

Scientific adviser: prof. E. V. Polyantsev

The beginning of the 21st century was marked by a surge of interest in the heritage of Soviet avant-garde architecture and, in particular, constructivism, both in the capital and in the region.

A number of objects of this period were included in the golden fund of textbook examples of Soviet architecture, which became widely known. Among them a worthy place is occupied by the complex of buildings "Chekist Town", built in the 1930s of the XX century according to the project of I. P. Antonov and V. D. Sokolov.

The relevance of the study is due to the critical state of residential complexes in the city of Yekaterinburg in the stylistic forms of constructivism, including those that are objects of cultural heritage. Despite the public interest in the legacy of constructivism, there is a great threat of demolition of these complexes, since they are located in the historical part of the city, on lands with investment attractiveness. To date, there is no experience in the scientific restoration of cultural heritage objects in the constructivist style in Yekaterinburg.

The first chapter of the dissertation examines the prerequisites and history of creating a new type of housing in avant-garde architecture: starting with the utopias of the 18th century by Charles Fourier, to the construction of housing estates in Germany, in the capital cities and regional centers of the Soviet Union in the 20-30s of the XX century. Preconditions for the development of advanced urban planning solutions and construction techniques in the Urals, as well as the results of the reorganization of the center of the Ural region - the city of Sverdlovsk are presented. The work of the architects-authors of the complex of buildings of the "Chekist Town" is considered separately and in many aspects; identified functional and technical features that determine the uniqueness of the architecture of the complex itself.

The second chapter is devoted to the analysis of domestic and foreign experience in the rehabilitation of residential complexes built in the 1920s-1930s on the basis of Dutch, German and domestic examples. A wide range of approaches and priorities in the choice of methods for the restoration of structures, their repair and complete replacement, both for identical and new, progressive ones, is disclosed. Identified design positions that are acceptable for correct use in the concept of rehabilitation of the complex "Chekist Town".

The third chapter shows the potential for the rehabilitation of the complex of buildings of the "Chekist Town" aimed at functional renewal: the closed structure of the quarter, the average number of storeys, the possibility of using underground space and redevelopment of apartments to obtain modern spatial and technical solutions; and also a proposal was presented on the formation of the object of protection of the cultural heritage object, which is missing today.

On the basis of a deep and multifaceted analysis of the complex of buildings of the "Chekist Town", the design concepts of adaptation were developed: comfortable high-class housing, a student campus and an art cluster.

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  1/7 Master's thesis "The concept of rehabilitation of complexes of buildings of the period of constructivism on the example of the" Town of Chekists "in Yekaterinburg" Vladimir Eremeev, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  2/7 Master's thesis "The concept of rehabilitation of complexes of buildings of the period of constructivism on the example of the" Town of Chekists "in Yekaterinburg". Adaptation options. Art Cluster Vladimir Eremeev, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  3/7 Master's thesis "The concept of rehabilitation of complexes of buildings of the period of constructivism on the example of the" Town of Chekists "in Yekaterinburg". Adaptation options. Student town Vladimir Eremeev, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  4/7 Master's thesis "The concept of rehabilitation of complexes of buildings of the period of constructivism on the example of the" Town of Chekists "in Yekaterinburg". Adaptation options. Elite housing Vladimir Eremeev, MARHI

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  5/7 Master's thesis "The concept of rehabilitation of complexes of buildings of the period of constructivism on the example of the" Town of Chekists "in Yekaterinburg". Adaptation options. Elite housing Vladimir Eremeev, MARHI

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  6/7 Master's thesis "The concept of rehabilitation of complexes of buildings of the period of constructivism on the example of the" Town of Chekists "in Yekaterinburg". Adaptation options. Elite housing Vladimir Eremeev, MARHI

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  7/7 Master's thesis "The concept of rehabilitation of complexes of buildings of the period of constructivism on the example of the" Town of Chekists "in Yekaterinburg". Technical equipment of the complex Vladimir Eremeev, Moscow Architectural Institute

The first variant of adaptation for high-class comfortable housing involves reconstruction measures aimed at redeveloping apartments, developing underground spaces and new technical equipment of the complex. The second variant of adaptation to the student campus is based on a restoration approach, which involves minimal intervention in the complex of buildings, as well as the preservation of the layouts of residential buildings. The third option - an art cluster - involves restoration measures - preservation of the layout of the buildings and, in part, reconstruction measures aimed at re-profiling the function of residential buildings for public: offices, workshops.

The main results of the study:

1. The work reveals and proves the special town planning value of constructivist residential complexes in the development of the historical center of the city of Yekaterinburg, outlines their role in the formation of a peculiar and in many ways characteristic of that time special social environment, in particular, in the "Chekist Town".
2. For the first time, a scientific description of the functional and technical features of the complex of buildings "Chekist Town" is presented, which shows the high organization of living conditions in the complex for the 1930s-1940s, especially for the Ural region.
3. The “House-Commune” type, as well as this term, was practically not widely used in design practice in Sverdlovsk. The complexes called by this term, according to their planning structure, were actually transitional type houses or communal houses with a developed structure of house services. It is this fact that determined their high adaptability to the criteria of the quality of life changing over time, and, consequently, a higher level of preservation.
4. Detailed field surveys of the complex were carried out. The author determined the subject of protection of the "Chekist Town", and also proved that the excessively strict security conditions imposed on the territory do not correspond to the positions of the authors of the project, which provided for the active (in accordance with the technical capabilities of their time) use of underground space.
5. In view of the fact that the "Chekist Town" is a house-commune of a transitional type, in its space-planning solution there were no radical methods inherent in the capital's constructivist architecture. The presence of attics, basements, the absence of rigid planning and structural schemes in the complex facilitates a more convenient adaptation and reconstruction.
6. The multifaceted research carried out made it possible to formulate a project concept for the rehabilitation of the "Chekist Town", implemented by the author in the graphic materials of the dissertation.

Gold medal of the Moscow Architectural Institute in the nomination "Bachelor"

Polina Berova

Department of "Architecture of public buildings"

Diploma project "Recreational and hotel complex as part of a tourist cluster on the Baltic Spit"

Leaders: prof. S. G. Pisarskaya, constructor Assoc. A. S. Semyonov, cons. on the site pr. prof. M. N. Poleshchuk

The projected complex is located on the coast of the Baltic Spit. Geographically, it is the westernmost point of Russia, a part of the city of Baltiysk in the Kaliningrad region, "propylaea" in the Kaliningrad Bay. The uniqueness of the place lies in the saturation of fortification monuments and dune landscapes on the coast. Fort "Western" is located here - part of the fortifications of Fort Pillau; the former military airfield Neytief with two airstrips; hydrohart, coastal fortifications of the Second World War. For a long time, the Baltic Spit was a restricted area, but in 2010 the passes were canceled. Since then, the flow of tourists has been growing. There are many purposes for visits - from cultural and educational routes on the history of the Pillau fortification to beach recreation and ecotourism, as in the 1910s, when one of the best resorts in East Prussia was located here. However, unorganized tourism is harmful: by moving on the unprotected surface of the dunes, people erase a thin layer of vegetation, allowing the wind to carry the sand. But the worst is dangerous behavior that leads to fires. So, the main problem of the Baltic Spit is the lack of the necessary infrastructure and organized life on it.

The novelty of the topic being developed lies in the absence of town planning plans for the development of the Baltic Spit, on the one hand, and its high tourist attraction, on the other. The main mission of the project is to demonstrate the great potential of the territory for a wide audience through the implementation of an integrated approach to its architectural and urban development. In turn, the relevance of the work is increasing in view of some recent events: dismantling for cutting into scrap metal resumed on the territory of the hangars of the Neityfe airport. Since not every single fortification structure is of interest, but the complex of existing structures on the spit as a whole, they are not protected by law as monuments. Thus, the westernmost point of Russia runs the risk of losing the interest shown by tourists in it. Therefore, the main goal is to formulate a single concept for the development of the territory, the main task is to develop the missing elements of the tourist infrastructure that can organize life and protect the environment.

So, to achieve this goal, a cluster approach was chosen: the project envisages the creation of several complexes on the Baltic Spit with different directions of recreation, interconnected by common routes and scenarios. In the northern part there is a museum complex, in the eastern part there are apartments and a yacht center, in the southern part there is a small aircraft airport. From the west, along the coast, it is planned to create a resort zone linking fortifications, natural monuments and tourist sites with joint paths, observation platforms, beaches, and platforms. This thesis involves the development of a resort area in the west of the Baltic Spit.

The recreational - hotel complex includes several zones and the corresponding methods of accommodation on them. Globally, the west coast is divided into a landscape reserve and a recreational zone. As an alternative to unorganized camping and camping on the dunes, seasonal, mobile, prefabricated houses for 2 residents are offered. This solution allows accommodation in nature, but will not be spontaneous and have negative consequences. In the recreational area there is a hotel complex with 124 rooms and apartment houses for large families or long-term stays. The diploma project involves the design of the hotel building. Functionally, it includes a living area; public, represented by a restaurant, bar, bank branch, conference hall; recreational - SPA zone.

The buildings of the complex are located compactly due to the characteristic climatic conditions and in order to maximize the use of unsecured soil layers and not affect the forest. For this, the site was studied for the presence of areas without a layer of vegetation. The hotel is located next to the Swedish mountain, in such a zone. The projected volume has been moved 120 m from the coastline, behind the enclosing foredune, its strengthening is envisaged. A ramp from the second tier of the building leads to the hill, to the projected observation deck. The viewpoint located there was popular with travelers in the 1910s, when the mountain was a high dune. The heterogeneity and complexity of the terrain makes it possible to use different levels for organizing walking routes and their connection with the existing pedestrian infrastructure.

The project used all possible options to minimize the negative impact on the landscape. In particular, the building was raised from the ground level to organize free sand transfer in the surface layer, where possible. Partially lowered into the ground to create non-accumulating forms. Also, the ground floor is recessed, the living rooms are located higher - in order to protect against negative climatic factors. The hotel is divided into two buildings and is united on the first floor. A wind-protected space is created, where the main entrance is organized. The entrance is from the east of the main road, the technical areas of the restaurant are located on the north side and are visually closed from the guests of the complex. The lengths of residential buildings are determined in accordance with the standards for fire distances between staircase and elevator nodes. Vertical communications are designed taking into account all technological routes of movement. Structurally, the stiffness of the building is ensured by the joint work of columns, walls and stiffening cores, united by monolithic reinforced concrete disks of interfloor floors and coverings. The hotel is equipped with facilities for comfortable movement of people with limited mobility. The public area is grouped along the eastern facade of the building, and the rooms open out to the sea, therefore, are oriented to the west. This location, according to the conducted architectural and climatic analysis, required special measures to protect the western facade from strong winds and oblique precipitation. So, living quarters are shifted relative to each other, forming a diagonal line. This allows you to orient the numbers at an angle to the windward side and open translucent openings to the southwest and northwest.

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  1/3 Diploma project "Recreational and hotel complex as part of a tourist cluster on the Baltic Spit". Main facade Polina Berova, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  2/3 Diploma project "Recreational and hotel complex as part of a tourist cluster on the Baltic Spit" Polina Berova, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  3/3 Diploma project "Recreational and hotel complex as part of a tourist cluster on the Baltic Spit" Polina Berova, Moscow Architectural Institute

As the hotel is located near the ruined coastal fortifications of the Second World War, the building echoes the theme of complex underground structures. The bunkers of the Neytief coastal battery are now artifacts of history that is being erased by time and the sea. Former military installations have become part of the landscape, illustrating how the military conflict ends: life will resume, only "scars on the body" serve as a reminder and warning against the repetition of bloodshed. So, the bunkers became a memory of the place on the one hand, and part of the beach area on the other. Now they look more like primitive dolmens, in which tourists hide from the sun. In the project, their forms were rethought, and, in conjunction with one of the options for building on the dunes, they were used for the SPA zone and the volumes of staircase and elevator nodes "growing" out of the ground.

The main field of the main facade is made using post-transom glazing. This choice of material provides protection from wet precipitation and rapid drying of the surface, which is an important factor in the climatic region with an average annual humidity level above 70%. At the same time, visually, the solution ensures its neutrality in relation to the roofing solution. The roofs are made in the form of folds, which allows moisture to not retain. Figuratively, they are a reference to the airbase located here earlier. Also, the interpretation of the planes in the project resembles paper cranes hovering over a building. All together it is a symbol of peace, who finally came to the territory, dotted with objects of fortification.

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  1/9 Diploma project "Recreational and hotel complex as part of a tourist cluster on the Baltic Spit". Consideration of the dune landscape of the Baltic Spit when choosing the main volumetric-plastic solutions and the location of the complex Polina Berova, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  2/9 Diploma project "Recreational and hotel complex as part of a tourist cluster on the Baltic Spit". Consideration of the dune landscape of the Baltic Spit when choosing the main volumetric-plastic solutions and the location of the complex Polina Berova, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  3/9 Diploma project "Recreational and hotel complex as part of a tourist cluster on the Baltic Spit". The main elements of the complex being created Polina Berova, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  4/9 Diploma project "Recreational and hotel complex as part of a tourist cluster on the Baltic Spit". The main results of climate analysis and their impact on planning and volumetric decisions in the project Polina Berova, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  5/9 Diploma project "Recreational and hotel complex as part of a tourist cluster on the Baltic Spit". Situational plan, arrangement of buildings Polina Berova, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  6/9 Diploma project "Recreational and hotel complex as part of a tourist cluster on the Baltic Spit". The main stages of shaping and work with the territory Polina Berova, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  7/9 Diploma project "Recreational and hotel complex as part of a tourist cluster on the Baltic Spit". Axonometry Polina Berova, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  8/9 Diploma project "Recreational and hotel complex as part of a tourist cluster on the Baltic Spit". Plans of the 1st, standard and 5th floors Polina Berova, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  9/9 Diploma project "Recreational and hotel complex as part of a tourist cluster on the Baltic Spit". Section of the building Polina Berova, Moscow Architectural Institute

I degree diploma in the nomination "Master"

Tatiana Ryseva

Department of "Urban Planning"

Master's thesis "Theory of central places" as a method of development of highly urbanized settlement systems (on the example of the Moscow agglomeration)"

Scientific adviser: prof. M. V. Shubenkov, Assoc. M. Yu. Shubenkova, Assoc. V. N. Volodin, Art. Rev. O. M. Blagodeteleva

The study is devoted to the search for methodological approaches to the problem of urban planning regulation of the formation and development of highly urbanized settlement systems (in particular, the Moscow agglomeration).

Solving the problems of the development of settlement systems in highly urbanized regions is extremely urgent today. The Moscow agglomeration is a vivid representative among them and has a number of problems, such as chaotic development, labor migration, irrational organization of transport networks, random selection of new industrial development sites, priority development areas, etc. In view of this, the question of finding a new approach is urgent. to the development of the territory, the change of priorities in the development of the settlement system of the Moscow agglomeration.

The lack of a theory of the development of settlement systems at different large-scale levels of their organization does not allow making rational decisions on their development. The adopted Strategy for the Spatial Development of the Russian Federation was developed at the Ministry of Economic Development by economists on the basis of economic programs. This strategy cannot be applied to spatial systems. Therefore, a new theory of the spatial development of settlement systems is needed on the basis of urban planning categories: settlements of different sizes, their location on the territory, transport networks.

As the basis for the theory of spatial organization of settlement, V. Kristalller's Theory of Central Places was chosen, in which the idea of a balanced spatial development of the territory is traced. The aim of the study is to implement this theory as a tool for analyzing and forecasting the development of the settlement system. The Moscow region was chosen as the object of research.

It is noteworthy that the "Theory of Center Places" already "works" in the real world today. Southern Germany, on the territory of which the settlement was designed by V. Kristalller himself, as well as the Eastern part of the United States contain network structures that are subject to the laws of theory. In the course of the study, the results of the group-theoretical spectral analysis of Japanese researchers who analyzed the settlement in Germany and the United States were studied in detail.

Within the framework of the study, an attempt was made for the first time to superimpose the V. Kristalller grid on the settlement structures at different scale levels: in the Moscow agglomeration and the Obninsk agglomeration. The Obninsk agglomeration was taken as an example of a local settlement system, on which hierarchies of settlements of the lowest levels were identified. Corresponding theoretical models were built, and the level of compliance of the existing structures with theoretical models of the placement of settlements of different sizes was checked.

The main result of the research work is a model of the Moscow agglomeration with a built "crystal lattice", thanks to which the hierarchy of the cities of the agglomeration is revealed. The new settlement model meets the idea of a balanced distribution of resources between cities and an even spatial development of the territory.

The created model is a tool for assessing and forecasting the further development of the settlement system. In particular, it was revealed that a number of settlements, due to various circumstances of development, did not realize their spatial potential and in the future can provide an economic effect of development. Another group of cities, on the contrary, due to random circumstances received investment support, but were deliberately limited in spatial resources and therefore cannot justify the investment.

Thus, the model "Theory of central places" on the example of the Moscow agglomeration allows you to build a valuable hierarchy of settlements, due to which there is an even distribution of resources in space and, as a result, a balanced development of the territory. The use of geometric networks to solve the problems of the development of settlement systems in highly urbanized territories determines a new paradigm for the transition from settlement, which develops spontaneously as a result of multiple influences and correlations, to a system model that initially sets the development vector and structure.

The model of the Moscow agglomeration, created within the framework of the study, makes it possible to assess the existing state of the settlement system and make recommendations for the development of the territory. As a conclusion, the model is recommended for use in highly urbanized territories to solve certain problems of the development of settlement systems, while the application in a specific situation should be carried out after a preliminary assessment of the totality of development factors.

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  1/7 Master's thesis "Theory of central places" as a method of development of highly urbanized settlement systems (on the example of the Moscow agglomeration) ". Development problems of the Moscow agglomeration. Domestic and foreign experience Tatyana Ryseva, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  2/7 Master's thesis "Theory of central places" as a method of development of highly urbanized settlement systems (on the example of the Moscow agglomeration) ". Pendulum migration flows. Combined light spots of the display of the Moscow agglomeration Tatiana Ryseva, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  3/7 Master's thesis "Theory of central places" as a method of development of highly urbanized settlement systems (on the example of the Moscow agglomeration) ". V. Kristalller's theory of central places. Analysis of Southern Germany Tatiana Ryseva, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  4/7 Master's thesis "Theory of central places" as a method of development of highly urbanized settlement systems (on the example of the Moscow agglomeration) ". Analysis of the Eastern United States Tatiana Ryseva, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  5/7 Master's thesis "Theory of central places" as a method of development of highly urbanized settlement systems (on the example of the Moscow agglomeration) ". Theory of Central Places as a Method of Forming a Balanced Settlement System Tatyana Ryseva, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  6/7 Master's thesis "Theory of central places" as a method of development of highly urbanized settlement systems (on the example of the Moscow agglomeration) ". Model for the Moscow agglomeration Tatyana Ryseva, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  7/7 Master's thesis "Theory of central places" as a method of development of highly urbanized settlement systems (on the example of the Moscow agglomeration) ". Building a model of a local settlement system Tatyana Ryseva, Moscow Architectural Institute

I degree diploma in the nomination "Bachelor"

Sofia Ogarkova

Department "Soviet and modern foreign architecture"

Diploma project "Interpretation of the image of the Berlin Wall in the architecture of the 1970s-2020s"

Leaders prof. N. L. Pavlov, Assoc. E. V. Ermolenko

In this paper, one of the most tragic periods in the modern urban history of Berlin, associated with the Berlin Wall, was examined. The wall left a physical "scar" on the face of the city in the form of wastelands and incoherent urban planning fabric, and after 30 years it still lives in the memory of people. The Berlin Wall is the brightest symbol of the Cold War, which still figures in the discourses of contemporary art and cinema. I wanted to understand how the emotional experiences caused by the existence of the Wall were expressed in the creative projects of the architects who lived and worked during the separation and after the unification. It is all the more interesting to consider this phenomenon from an architectural point of view, since the Wall itself can be considered an architectural structure, the purpose of its existence can be defined as urban planning, and Berlin in the period 1961-1989 as a whole can be called an urban dystopian idea.

Artistic interpretations of the Berlin Wall have been extensively researched in areas such as literature, contemporary art and cinema, but hardly ever figured in architectural studies. Based on a scientific base in English and German, a working hypothesis was put forward: the phenomenon of the Berlin Wall influenced modern architects and found its interpretation in a variety of projects. The subject of this research is the interpretation of the image of the Berlin Wall in architectural projects, urban planning concepts, landscape projects and in contemporary art. The purpose of the work was to trace and determine the manifestations of the Wall phenomenon.

For the study, 17 objects were selected from the architectural and urban planning practice of the 1970-2000s and 11 objects of modern interior art of the 1980s-2010s.

The work consists of two parts. The first part explored the architectural and spatial characteristics of the Berlin Wall as a prototype for various projects. The term Situation was introduced to combine the complex characteristics of the Wall. 8 most typical Situations were identified: house-wall, narrow corridor, inner city facade, endless lane, control-trail lane, enclave border, broken wall and section along the city body. Watchtowers were also considered as an integral part of the border complex.

In the second part of the study, architectural, urban planning, landscape projects, contemporary art were studied for the forms of interpreting the image of the Wall.

The group of architectural projects included 11 objects, three of them were implemented. 10 methods of expressing the image were established: for example, P. Eisenman in the house on Checkpoint Charlie interpreted the Wall as a cutting plane and cut the volume of the house with the cavity of the corridor. D. Libeskind and P. Zumthor presented the Wall as a linear house, where D. Libeskind in the project "The Edge of the City" has a blank facade, and P. Zumthor in the project "Topography of Terror" - resembling a fence. In Raimund Abraham's “Temple of the Berlin Wall,” the beam became a projection of the Wall behind the building, and the façade screen embodied its modular element. John Hayduk, in the realized object "Security", has combined in his object a watch tower and a screen that refers to the Situation with the inner facade of the city.

The urban planning section includes 10 objects, of which only 1 was implemented. For them, 6 variants of the Wall interpretations were identified: R. Koolhaas in "Voluntary Prisoners of Architecture" and Axel Shultes in "Federation Ribbon", using Ivan Leonidov's Magnitogorsk structure, interpreted the configuration of the Wall's control and trail strip. John Heyduck, in two projects, "Berlin Mask Theater" and "Victim", decided to place the enclaves inside the enclave of West Berlin in the form of neighborhoods bounded by a closed wall. This scheme refers to the scheme developed under the direction of Oswald Ungers for Berlin ("Berlin Green Archipelago"), where each quarter is an independent island. D. Libeskind, in the project for Potsdamer Platz, cut the city in plan with his linear structures, but in fact hung them over buildings, and Thomas Maine placed his building right above the Berlin Wall.

The landscape section includes 4 objects, of which 3 have been implemented. For them, 3 forms of interpretation of the Wall were identified, each of which is presented in a crushed, fragmented form. H. Kollhoff and A. Ovaska in the project for the garden of the "Jewish Museum" expressed it with a dashed border line, referring to the situation A section through the body of the city. P. Eisenman and D. Libeskind in their landscape parks provide an opportunity to experience the “Narrow Corridor” Situation. Stanley Tigerman proposed a version of the Wall's life after its fall: arrange an alley along it and cut bridges in it to the other side

Grotesque, enclave, Leonidov's Magnitogorsk structure and section through the body of the city are some of the main leitmotifs of the projects considered from the period 1970-2000, when the work with the image of the Berlin Wall took place.

Architectural and landscape projects created after 2000 were separately presented at the exposition, since it was determined that a different trend was developing in them: the Berlin Wall appears in them not in the form of an image, but exclusively in the original. There is a fixation of its route and surviving elements, next to which parks are set up and information centers are arranged. In the Berlin Wall Park, the axis of the park is the track from the Wall route, in the project for the library its plane is built into the basement of the building, information screens are installed on its route in the Berlin Wall Memorial Parks.

In modern art, the following tendency is observed: over time, concrete materialistically heavy forms of expressing the image of the Wall turn into more ghostly and materially weightless ones. Obviously, over the years, the Wall turns into only memories, subtle and almost forgotten.

I have systematized the architectural techniques that the architects used to express the image of the Wall. Basically, they operate with a segment (in plan) and, accordingly, a plane on the facade. The segment becomes more complicated, being multiplied, fragmented, inverted into a cavity, or turning into a complex linear complex. In addition, a line can be twisted, broken, or closed into a curve. Interpretation techniques were defined for each specific spatial Situation.

Also analyzed the urban planning location of objects in relation to the Wall route: before and after its fall. The most striking conclusion was the fact that during the existence of the Wall, its route was strengthened in projects: the volumes were located parallel to it or even above it. After its fall, the architects seek to cross out this track with their own linear structure.

As a result of my research, a conditional periodization was proposed in relation to architects to the image of the Wall: 1970-1989 - the use of methods of artistic interpretation in working with the image of the Wall. 1989-2000 - The wall is gone, but the work with the image continues. 2000-2020 - architects stop interpreting the Wall, personally distancing themselves from it, and they work with the Wall as a historical heritage.

When asked how to unite the scattered and crossed out Berlin, the architects answered as follows: you shouldn't do it artificially. On the contrary, it is necessary to emphasize the pluralism of history, including the urban planning layers denoting divisions, and the individuality of each quarter formed in its own way.

As a result, my research found that architects reproduced the architectural and spatial features of the Berlin Wall - its Situation and configuration - in their designs. Thus, it was proved that the phenomenon of the Berlin Wall influenced the creativity of architects and found its interpretation in a variety of projects.

This work brings a fresh look at the multidimensional phenomenon of the Berlin Wall as a kind of architectural prototype and for the first time presents the most complete analysis of the architectural concepts associated with it.

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  1/8 Graduation project "Interpretation of the image of the Berlin Wall in the architecture of the 1970s-2020s". Conceptual collage Sofia Ogarkova, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  2/8 Graduation project "Interpretation of the image of the Berlin Wall in the architecture of the 1970s-2020s". Location of the investigated objects relative to the Wall Sofia Ogarkova, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  3/8 Graduation project "Interpretation of the image of the Berlin Wall in the architecture of the 1970s-2020s". Temple of the Berlin Wall, Raimund Abraham (interpretation of the Wall in architecture) Sofia Ogarkova, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  4/8 Graduation project "Interpretation of the image of the Berlin Wall in the architecture of the 1970s-2020s". The edge of the city, Daniel Libeskind (interpretation of the Wall in urban planning) Sofia Ogarkova, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  5/8 Graduation project "Interpretation of the image of the Berlin Wall in the architecture of the 1970s-2020s". Berlin Mask Theater, John Heyduk (interpretation of the Wall in urban planning) Sofia Ogarkova, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  6/8 Graduation project "Interpretation of the image of the Berlin Wall in the architecture of the 1970s-2020s". Berlin Wall Project, Stanley Tigerman (Interpretation of the Wall in Landscape) Sofia Ogarkova, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  7/8 Graduation project "Interpretation of the image of the Berlin Wall in the architecture of the 1970s-2020s". Techniques for interpreting the situations of the Berlin Wall Sofia Ogarkova, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  8/8 Graduation project "Interpretation of the image of the Berlin Wall in the architecture of the 1970s-2020s". Conditional periodization Sofia Ogarkova, Moscow Architectural Institute

II degree diploma in the nomination "Master"

Natalia Yudina

Department of "Urban Planning"

Master's thesis "Cluster Approach to Valorization of Small Historic Towns on the Example of Sestroretsk"

Head prof. N. G. Blagovidova

Recently, for our country, the topic of the place of small towns in the settlement system has become more and more relevant. Their nature, which is close to rural areas in terms of the preservation of the natural environment, provides a favorable and healthy environment while maintaining a variety of economic functions. However, the result of the policy pursued over the past 30 years has been the economic decline of small towns. It is fraught with the destruction of the cultural heritage - the basis of the country's cultural identity, leads to a violation of the internal coherence of the territory of Russia. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to develop a method that contributes to the sustainable development of small urbanized formations based on local potentials.

In the theoretical part of the work, the analysis of the existing legislative and regulatory framework was carried out and it was revealed that at the federal level there is no comprehensive strategy for solving the problem of small towns, and in the field of heritage protection, effective tools for working with their urban planning and landscape complexes have not been developed. In this regard, the author proposes valorization - a strategy and a set of actions aimed at actively studying the cultural heritage, creating the best conditions for its use as an object of social value. Valorization as a tool combines restoration and management methods and is carried out on the basis of a network potential, which makes it possible to work effectively with complex territorial systems.

To carry out valorization, it is necessary to identify the value of small historic cities and their potential. Small towns are viewed as systems, which makes it possible to explain the processes of their development and disintegration and determine the possibilities of restoration. For different types of small towns, structural schemes are developed depending on the key, city-forming function, which confirm the systemic sustainability of small towns. The author's methodology for the statistical assessment of innovative potential argues for the hidden possibilities of creativity in small towns and their ability to flexible and diverse development.

For the territorial expression of the value network model in valorization, a cluster is proposed. As a method, it has been developed and used in economics, as well as in a number of other sciences, however, in urban planning, a clear definition of the cluster approach has not yet been created. Therefore, a definition of an urban planning cluster has been developed - an interdisciplinary approach to creating a self-sufficient urbanized structure, the connectivity of which is ensured by a system of infrastructural links between economic entities whose activities are aimed at realizing local potentials and maintaining the sustainability of urban education. The classification of clusters was carried out according to the type of the developed potential of the territory, and structural schemes were created for them, revealing the similarity of the cluster and the small town. For areas with special conditions of identity, a fundamentally new type of cluster has been developed - synthetic (from the word synthesis).

It was decided to test the approach in the city of Sestroretsk, a municipality within the Kurortny district of St. Petersburg. The linear system of the northern coast of the Gulf of Finland is considered at different scale levels. Thus, the Kurortny district is defined as the most environmentally safe, with a low population density and a low level of provision of social and leisure infrastructure. According to the methodology for assessing the hidden innovative potential, Sestroretsk receives a relatively high score. Its prospects for the creation of a pilot synthetic cluster by a comprehensive analysis of the historical, cultural and urban planning potential of the territory. To create a cluster, three main directions of the city's development have been identified: medical and recreational, bio-ecological and educational and restoration.

The creation of a cluster takes place in four stages. At the stage of Involvement in the creation of a cluster, a methodology for identifying "islands" of subsequent development was developed: first, officially defined protected zones are allocated, then valuable urban development objects and, finally, territories that are state-owned and empty, abandoned areas.

At the stage of Aggregation, the plots are combined according to the territorial principle, key objects are highlighted in them and, in accordance with them, conditional names are given. Based on the factors of proximity to objects of nature, medicine, historical objects, the clusters are divided according to their functions (in accordance with their potentials) into bio-ecological, medical-recreational, research-restoration, and coordination - all of them are aimed at conducting practice-oriented research aimed to maintain and develop the local environment according to a synergistic cyclical principle.

At the Synthesis stage, infrastructural links at the level of functional clusters are created on the basis of 4 planning compositions: a resort promenade (restoration), an English garden (biological), a natural entertainment garden (medical) and a palace and park ensemble. Separate clusters are connected by a road network, a number of intercept parking lots are created, combined with the rental of alternative mobility aids. The former country houses are being adapted for new functions.

The Maintenance stage is expressed in the model of post-project management of the cluster system and emphasizes the self-sufficiency of the cluster. The cluster approach provides opportunities for broad participation of the local population and stage-by-stage implementation for the use of synergies in individual projects. The complexity of managing the process is offset by the creation of a digital coordination system to control, collect and process research results and feedback from residents.

In this example, the cluster approach demonstrates its effectiveness, and since clusters are not sensitive to scale, the possibilities of expanding the territorial system are obvious, for example, within the linear system of urbanized formations in the Kurortny district of St. Petersburg.

Thus, the work presents a comprehensive analysis of all aspects of the problem of the decline of small towns and proposes solutions that operate at different levels. The multifarious potential of small towns and, above all, the creative one, has been revealed. On the specific example of Sestroretsk, the universality of the cluster approach to valorization as a method of working with small historical cities is emphasized.

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  1/12 Master's thesis "Cluster Approach to Valorization of Small Historic Towns on the Example of Sestroretsk" Natalia Yudina, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  2/12 Master's thesis "Cluster Approach to Valorization of Small Historic Towns on the Example of Sestroretsk" Natalia Yudina, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  3/12 Master's thesis "Cluster Approach to Valorization of Small Historic Towns on the Example of Sestroretsk" Natalia Yudina, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  4/12 Master's thesis "Cluster Approach to Valorization of Small Historic Towns on the Example of Sestroretsk" Natalia Yudina, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  5/12 Master's thesis "Cluster Approach to Valorization of Small Historic Cities on the Example of Sestroretsk" Natalia Yudina, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  6/12 Master's thesis "Cluster Approach to Valorization of Small Historic Towns on the Example of Sestroretsk" Natalia Yudina, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  7/12 Master's thesis "Cluster Approach to Valorization of Small Historic Towns on the Example of Sestroretsk" Natalia Yudina, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  8/12 Master's thesis "Cluster Approach to Valorization of Small Historic Towns on the Example of Sestroretsk" Natalia Yudina, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  9/12 Master's thesis "Cluster Approach to Valorization of Small Historic Towns on the Example of Sestroretsk" Natalia Yudina, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  10/12 Master's thesis "Cluster Approach to Valorization of Small Historic Towns on the Example of Sestroretsk" Natalia Yudina, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  11/12 Master's thesis "Cluster Approach to Valorization of Small Historic Towns on the Example of Sestroretsk" Natalia Yudina, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  12/12 Master's thesis "Cluster Approach to Valorization of Small Historic Towns on the Example of Sestroretsk" Natalia Yudina, Moscow Architectural Institute

II degree diploma in the nomination "Bachelor"

Gilana Antonova

Department of "Architecture of public buildings"

Diploma project “Rethinking and redevelopment of the territory behind the Rizhsky railway station. Museum of railway transport, shopping and office complex on the new square of the Rizhsky railway station"

Leaders Assoc. N. G. Lyashenko, prof. A. V. Tsimailo, prof. O. A. Sytnik

The diploma project is part of the urban planning concept for the integrated development of the territory of the Riga cargo yard and the area of the Riga station, completed by 5th year students, group 2 (including a competitor).

The task was to develop a unified architectural and urban planning concept for the territory of the Riga cargo yard. Despite the proximity to the center, now the territory falls out of city life. The project of the new district should turn the site into a comfortable and attractive place for living, working and resting.

The proposed area is multifunctional, with a well-developed infrastructure, recreational areas, excellent transport and pedestrian accessibility, in view of the location of the metro stations "Rizhskaya", "Rzhevskaya" and MCD "Rizhskaya".

The site near the Rizhsky railway station was chosen as a personal project. The Rizhsky railway station is located on the territory - the least busy station in Moscow, there are two trains a day from it on the Riga direction.

This area has a number of advantages and disadvantages. The advantages are the proximity to the metro stations and MCD “Rizhskaya” to the east of the design site. Also, the site is a link between the main paths in the area. It is adjoined by a city boulevard on the west side, and a natural, pedestrian boulevard on a hill on the north side.

Negative factors are the aggressive environment created by the traffic load of Prospekt Mira and the overpass of the Third Transport Ring, which are located on the southern and eastern sides of the site. Also directly on the site are the railway tracks of the Riga Station, which are an obstacle to access to the territory.

Summarizing what has been said, it becomes clear that on the scale of the developed master plan, this site serves as both the entrance area of the district and the area near the station. On this territory, the distribution of paths in the region takes place. The task of the project is to connect the area with the city through this site and it is interesting and functionally useful to plan the way of people across the square.

A step-by-step story of the concept of urban planning solutions for the site:

• Access to the territory from the MCD and Rizhskaya metro stations is through an underground passage under the Prospekt Mira through the square, located at -1 level in the middle of Prospect Mira.
• From this square, a stream of people enters the square. Accordingly, the square is lowered to the level of the underground passage, and the western part of the square becomes an inclined plane, along which one can rise to the level of the ground. This is how the railway and the pedestrian zone can be safely carried on different levels.
• The new space under the railroad tracks is very important for the square. This part is the gateway to the area and forms the first impression of the area. I want to get away from the usual idea of the space under the railway as purely utilitarian. Therefore, this space is the metaphorical beginning of the hill and the natural, pedestrian boulevard on it.
• On the eastern side, the square is formed by the buildings of the intercepting parking lot, the entrance pavilion of the future Rzhevskaya metro station, and the opened cellars of the Rizhsky railway station. There is a connection between them, passages along one axis of motion. This is how a transport hub is formed.
• The hotel building is located above the metro pavilion, next to the train station.
• Opposite the railway tracks, there is the building of the Museum of Railway Technology, as a successor to the former museum of retro trains in the open air. And the location of such a museum on the station square will enhance the individuality of the place.
• The connection to the pedestrian boulevard located on the hill is via a wide staircase and a funicular on the hillside. A ceremonial bond is being formed.
• Exit to the platform to the trains is carried out from the station building on the west side. The green massif protects the path to the apron from the sight and noise of the TTK overpass.
• The passage from the square to the area is carried out in the center under the arches of the museum. This space formed under the arches is important for the project as it connects the two parts of the square.
• The western part of the square is intermediate between the large station square and the wide boulevard of the district. And it is on this fragment that I want to create spaces with large-scale people, more closed, chamber in contrast to the square and the boulevard.

And in order for the western part of the square not to be perceived separately from the Rizhsky railway station, it is necessary to conceptually link it with the station. For this, the traditions of the architecture of the railway stations were analyzed. And a characteristic technique in their architecture was to literally show the passenger what he would see at the other end of the railroad track. As the image of the Kazan tower used by Shchusev in the architecture of the Kazan railway station. Since the building of the Riga railway station itself does not contain a reference to Riga architecture, this technique can be used in the environment. The analysis of the urban planning experience of Riga, namely its historical part - the old city of Riga, has led to the concept of flowing triangular squares, along which the flow of people across the territory takes place - a system of interconnected squares. They interpret the nature of the squares of the old city, in terms of size, with the scale of a person.

The residents of the district will use this route every day. Therefore, buildings with functions with daily use should be located here - these are cafes, small shops and offices, that is, a diverse daily infrastructure. And the daily journey from home to the metro station will be varied.

The project is conventionally divided into 3 parts: the area of the Rizhsky railway station, the museum of railway equipment, and the trade and office complex.

All buildings on the square are not tall, so as not to overwhelm the importance of the Rizhsky railway station. An important component of the project is the hill, which adds a natural environment to this square, in contrast to the urbanized environment on the other side of the Riga station.

Riga station square

Since the square has been lowered to level -1, the cellars of the Rizhsky railway station are being opened, access to the square is organized from the station building itself. The basements have been expanded, their function is cafes, shops.

The coaxial arrangement of entrances, passages between the intercepting parking lot, the entrance pavilion of the Rzhevskaya metro station and the railway station is provided by a transport interchange hub.

The space under the railway overpass has been transformed into a valley-like square, as the overpass columns are hidden in the green hills.

Railway Transport Museum

There was a museum of the Moscow railway at the Rizhsky railway station. Due to the fact that the tracks on which the train exhibits stand are being dismantled and covered with a hill during the complex development of the territory, it was decided to preserve the museum by transferring it to a new building on the station square.

The museum occupies a central position on the territory and is a delicate dominant of the square.

In the exterior of the museum, located opposite the railway tracks, the image of railway bridges is used as in a mirror image. The height of the museum is at the level of a boulevard on a hill; the roof of the museum is a continuation of the hill.

On the roof of the museum are exhibits of trains. They, firstly, are one of the navigation markers in the area, as they can be seen from the hill, from the boulevard and from the square and indicate the station square. And secondly, they are the hallmark of the region, as they are visible from the Third Transport Ring for passing cars.

The interior of the museum interprets the image of the interior of the old railway stations, and it complements the atmosphere of the station square and meets the programmatic orientation of the museum. The main components of the character of the interior of the station is the cylindrical vault, the effect of which is achieved through successively arranged arches.

To convey the atmosphere, the light is directed by the light scenario by the station. There are two light landmarks at the ends of the building - a stained glass window and a courtyard. And diffused light along the length of the building.

In the internal structure, due to the location of the building's structures, an enfilade space is formed, open halls on both sides, and the image of movement along the "train" is interpreted in the center.

To continue viewing the exposition, you can climb to the roof by the elevators in the central LLU, and by the stairs from the courtyard.

Sparse brickwork for diffused lighting starts at a height of 3 m from the floor for easy viewing of the exposition. For the laconicism of the interior, the window is hidden by sparse brickwork from the inside as well. The front material of the arches is metal, chosen as an interpretation of the aesthetics of the metal structures of the stations.

Trade and office complex consists of a market office and a food market.

This part of the square interprets the character of squares in the old town of Riga. Shops and offices - 10 modules. The configuration of buildings, its bevels, are determined by the directions of the flow of people. The central modules are the buildings of small shops. The outer modules are office buildings. All buildings have a common underground floor, on which there is a parking lot for 230 cars, warehouse premises of the market. From this floor, goods are loaded and waste is removed.

The facades are divided into 2 parts: a glazed bottom and a brick top. The glazed bottom allows the outer space of the square to visually penetrate into the store's interior, which is easily viewed.

Brick part in the nature of the interpretation of the building facades in the old town of Riga. Each of the blocks has an individual top and serves as an additional marker for area navigation.

Foodmarket

Reconstruction of the warehouse building of the former Riga cargo yard. Replacing structures, adding openings, and turning into a modern food market.

The kitchen is loaded from the south side. The kitchens of all cafes are a single block and are connected by an internal corridor through which delivery is carried out.

And the common hall is located on the western, northern and eastern sides of the block with the cafe, from those sides from where people will enter the food market.

Thus, the concept of a new multifunctional square of the Rizhsky railway station is being formed.

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  1/10 Diploma project “Rethinking and redevelopment of the territory behind the Rizhsky railway station. Museum of railway transport, shopping and office complex on the new square of the Rizhsky railway station Gilana Antonova, MARHI

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  2/10 Diploma project “Rethinking and redevelopment of the territory behind the Rizhsky railway station. Museum of railway transport, shopping and office complex on the new square of the Rizhsky railway station Gilana Antonova, MARHI

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  3/10 Diploma project “Rethinking and redevelopment of the territory behind the Rizhsky railway station. Museum of railway transport, shopping and office complex on the new square of the Rizhsky railway station Gilana Antonova, MARHI

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  4/10 Diploma project “Rethinking and redevelopment of the territory behind the Rizhsky railway station. Museum of railway transport, shopping and office complex on the new square of the Rizhsky railway station Gilana Antonova, MARHI

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  5/10 Diploma project “Rethinking and redevelopment of the territory behind the Rizhsky railway station. Museum of railway transport, shopping and office complex on the new square of the Rizhsky railway station Gilana Antonova, MARHI

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  6/10 Graduation project “Rethinking and redevelopment of the territory behind the Rizhsky railway station. Museum of railway transport, shopping and office complex on the new square of the Rizhsky railway station Gilana Antonova, MARHI

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  7/10 Diploma project “Rethinking and redevelopment of the territory behind the Rizhsky railway station. Museum of railway transport, shopping and office complex on the new square of the Rizhsky railway station Gilana Antonova, MARHI

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  8/10 Diploma project “Rethinking and redevelopment of the territory behind the Rizhsky railway station. Museum of railway transport, shopping and office complex on the new square of the Rizhsky railway station Gilana Antonova, MARHI

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  9/10 Diploma project “Rethinking and redevelopment of the territory behind the Rizhsky railway station. Museum of railway transport, shopping and office complex on the new square of the Rizhsky railway station Gilana Antonova, MARHI

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  10/10 Diploma project “Rethinking and redevelopment of the territory behind the Rizhsky railway station. Museum of railway transport, shopping and office complex on the new square of the Rizhsky railway station Gilana Antonova, MARHI

III degree diploma in the nomination "Master"

Anna Rostovskaya

Department of "Urban Planning"

Master's thesis "Strategy of urban development of the city center in an extreme climate (on the example of Yakutsk)"

Head prof. M. V. Shubenkov, Assoc. M. Yu. Shubenkova, Assoc. V. N. Volodin, senior teacher O. M. Blagodeteleva

The relevance of the research topic is determined by three main provisions. it

• Shortage or overpriced food products in certain regions of our country.
• The need to create an attractive urban environment in cities with harsh climatic conditions
• And the identified priority of the development of the agricultural sector among the strategic tasks of the state scale

Thus, the purpose of this work: Development of a strategy for urban development of northern cities by introducing a system of vertical farms into the structure of a historically established city using the example of Yakutsk and, as a result, creating a unique city silhouette and a qualitatively new urban environment.

Hypothesis: The introduction of a system of vertical trusses into the structure of a northern city can qualitatively transform the urban environment and create a unique architectural appearance of the city.

First chapter devoted to the study of the problem of northern cities. First, a definition of the concept of a northern city is given and the need to form the appearance of a typical northern city is stated. Secondly, a method is proposed for performing a selection of cities to form an information base as a basis for further research. Thirdly, actual problems, needs and characteristic features of northern cities are identified and the image of a “typical northern city of the Russian Federation” is formed. Fourthly, the substantiation of the boundaries of the material chosen for a more detailed study is given. Further, the question of self-sufficiency of modern cities is revealed and methods of achieving it using modern technologies are described. It also describes the essence of the principle of intensive urban development. As a result, at the end of the chapter, the studied information is summarized, the characteristics of the cities of the north are given, and the vector of development of Yakutsk is selected in accordance with the principles of intensive development with an orientation towards the self-sufficiency of the city.

In the second chapter we refer to the world experience in construction and design. It tells about the emergence of the concept of a vertical farm, lists and describes the most striking examples of world architecture in this area. It is proved that the world experience is rich in various examples of technologies in the field of self-sufficiency. As a result, the obtained data are systematized and become the basis for creating a theoretical research model.

Further, a theoretical model is formed based on the research materials. It is the first step to implement the provisions stated in the scientific hypothesis. The theoretical model is based on 3 principles:

• Creation of high-tech agricultural facilities in the urban environment
• Creating a comfortable social environment.
• Work on changing the appearance of the city, panorama and silhouette

The subsequent paragraphs of the chapter are devoted to the study of the current situation in Yakutsk. The historical, architectural and urban planning, physical and geographical, climatic, socio-economic, transport and ecological aspects of the territory are studied. Transport links and the nature of the natural complex in the context of the entire region are traced in detail. The result of the study is a basic plan of the central part of the city, on which the activities planned to be carried out within the boundaries of the studied territory are marked in different colors. Based on the results of a thorough study of the area, the basis for the formation of a project proposal is being prepared. At the end of the chapter, conclusions are drawn about the possibility of using the knowledge gained about the design of vertical farms and covered public spaces, about construction in extreme climatic conditions. Also, a theoretical model is formulated, the derived principles are listed, and an analysis of aspects of the Yakutsk territory is summarized.

Chapter Three reveals the essence of the project proposal. A green frame of the city is being created, including vertical farms, nodal covered public spaces, as well as covered walkways and open boulevards, which allow the declared system to function as a whole.

The basis and conceptual component of this project is vertical trusses … They are high-rise objects of the agricultural industry. The estimated height does not exceed 100 m. The locations for the location of these vertical farms were chosen mainly near natural objects, since they need sufficient space around to ensure the technical side of the production process.

Covered public spaces, which are included in the implemented system as important nodal points. These spaces are not high-rise dominants, since their placement is assumed in a dense urban structure and is limited by the height and density parameters of the surrounding area. However, they become points of attraction and recreational areas with a microclimate suitable for year-round use.

It is also planned to create and improve existing open boulevards and partially covered streets. Thus, the landscaped areas become safe and comfortable for use by all groups of the population. Covered passages are made in the form of bridge structures. Thanks to them, the WF and nodal public spaces become valuable in the urban environment not only as independent elements, but also begin to work as a single system.

As a result of the work done, the following conclusions were drawn:

1. The problem of the existence of cities in the north lies in their inaccessibility, harsh climatic conditions, dependence on external supplies, and an outdated urban environment.
2. However, it is possible to create high-tech agricultural facilities in the city, when they become an element of the architectural ensemble, even in cold climates.
3. Based on the research materials, a design experiment was carried out in the form of an urban planning project, which demonstrated the solution to the problem of food security, the creation of comfortable public spaces and the formation of a unique silhouette of the city.

In conclusion, I would like to note that the absence of complete analogues determines the experimental nature of the developed theoretical model and the completed urban planning project.

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  1/8 Master's thesis "Strategy of urban development of the city center in an extreme climate (on the example of Yakutsk)". Analysis of the economic characteristics of the northern territories Anna Rostovkaya, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  2/8 Master's thesis "Strategy of urban development of the city center in an extreme climate (on the example of Yakutsk)". Analysis of various aspects of the northern territories of Russia Anna Rostovkaya, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  3/8 Master's thesis "Strategy of urban development of the city center in an extreme climate (the example of Yakutsk)". Analysis of Northern Cities by Selected Parameters Anna Rostovkaya, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  4/8 Master's thesis "Strategy of urban development of the city center in an extreme climate (the example of Yakutsk)". Analysis of World Design Examples by Selected Parameters Anna Rostovkaya, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  5/8 Master's thesis "Strategy of urban development of the city center in an extreme climate (on the example of Yakutsk)". Concept of the proposed development of the system of public spaces in Yakutsk Anna Rostovkaya, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  6/8 Master's thesis "Strategy of urban development of the city center in an extreme climate (on the example of Yakutsk)". Diagram of the internal structure of a vertical farm Anna Rostovkaya, MARKHI

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  7/8 Master's thesis "Strategy of urban development of the city center in an extreme climate (the example of Yakutsk)". Internal arrangement of overground pedestrian spaces Anna Rostovkaya, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  8/8 Master's thesis "Strategy of urban development of the city center in an extreme climate (on the example of Yakutsk)". Covered pedestrian street Anna Rostovkaya, MARHI

III degree diploma in the nomination "Bachelor"

Alexey Zagoruiko

Department "Architecture of industrial structures"

Diploma project "High-tech production based on robotics and 3D printers in Moscow"

Leaders prof. A. A. Khrustalev, prof. K. Yu. Chistyakov, teacher S. A. Khudyakov, constructor prof. A. L. Shubin

High-tech production is a relatively new technology that has a number of serious advantages. Modularity of production, a small number of people required in production, no need for industrial cranes. The use of such technologies allows for great flexibility in the design of the building.

This topic is very relevant in our time, in the period of complete automation not only of production, but of all processes in general. World practice shows that the use of robotic systems is promising in many respects. Fast and easy production, cost reduction, and improved product quality. However, in order to use and implement such technologies, specialists in different fields are needed. For example, Robotic Engineer, Programmer, Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence Professionals. To create a base for training and retraining of personnel in this area is one of the main tasks of my project.

The construction site is located in the Ramenki area, between Michurinsky Avenue and Vernadsky Avenue. The choice of the site is due to its proximity to Moscow State University. Given the large scientific component of the type of production, such an arrangement will ensure the connection of the scientific part with the rest of the scientific complex of Moscow State University, as well as the availability of qualified personnel. For the adequate operation of the entire robotic complex in production, it is also important to have a sufficiently flat area to reduce earthwork. The main guiding axes of the site are Michurinsky Avenue, Vernadsky Avenue and Lomonosovsky Avenue. Empty terrain, a weak slope, the absence of other objects, all these factors are also necessary for the construction of this type of object.

The building was designed as a solid volume with a rectangular plan and obeying the main city-forming axes of the new and old MSU complexes.

The multi-storey solution of the building was chosen as it makes it possible to increase the capacity of the plant and will allow the entire construction volume to be placed in a relatively small area where the relief difference is minimal. The non-linear structure makes it possible to organize many production lines at once on each of the floors. Using an automated warehouse that is adjacent to the building and synchronized with the entire robotic complex, it can provide several floors with the necessary parts and tools at once without delay.

There are several zones in the project

The first is productionlocated on the Southwest side of the building. It presents production modules of various shapes and equipment, combined with control room modules, which in turn are located on the second level of the production workshop, above the floor surface.

The second is administrative zone. serving as a place of work for the management.

Third - Scientific part. It is not only a place of work, training and retraining of employees, but also a public platform for students of Moscow State University and other universities interested in robotics.

Fourth - public area in the northeastern part of the building. There is an exhibition hall, a lecture hall and a shop. The exhibition hall serves to familiarize visitors with robotics.

The main feature of the building is the unification of the scientific and industrial zones, due to the arrangement of an additional zone under the ceiling of the production halls with control room / laboratory modules with transitions between them. This entire structure is connected to the scientific part of the building, thus ensuring its penetration into production.

Separation of human streams is also an important theme of the project. Employees and workers enter the main building and production shops through the entrance on the 1st floor, while researchers, students, teachers, visitors immediately get to the 2nd level of the operated roof via a special pedestrian bridge that lies on the main axis of the MSU complex. It connects the main area of this complex with the projected building. The entrance to the scientific area and the exhibition complex is located immediately on the 2nd level. The pitched roof serves not only as a landscape park on the roof of the building, but also unites the elements of its different parts. On it you can navigate between 1,2,3 levels. Due to this configuration of the roof, light openings are formed, which allow you to watch what is happening inside from the side of the scientific complex of Moscow State University and for people who climb the operated roof.

For such production, a simple constructive system was chosen. This is due to the modularity of the entire production and ease of use. The replacement of production cells and the movement of robotic carts between them can be optimized. The flexibility of production is provided not only by the ability to replace the production cell or change its configuration, but also to replace the equipment in the cell itself. Also, the control room and laboratory modules can also be moved to a new location, since the module has its own constructive independent system and can be removed from the total volume of the building.

The part goes through a certain cycle:

The unloading area is located at the South corner of the building. It is adjacent to an automated warehouse for quick delivery of all parts to the warehouse. The feeding is carried out by means of a system of rails under the ceiling on which the grippers hang. The cargo is transferred to the conveyor, from which it enters the platform of the manipulator crane, which places the cargo at the designated place. The delivery of parts to the production workshop is carried out by a conveyor, from which the part is transferred to a robot-cart using a robot-arm. The part goes through a production cycle defined by the program, moving on a trolley between production modules. It is fed back to the warehouse when it goes through all the stages pending dispatch. The dispatch area is located on the opposite side of the automated warehouse and functions in the same way as the unloading area. The lighting in the production halls is artificial. The laboratory / control room modules are distributed throughout the production area. They are a separate structure entering the production area. Each module has an escape staircase leading to the roof and an elevator. The exit is through modules adjacent to the building perimeter.

Sustainability is also not the last criterion in this type of building. Coupled with the non-waste and relative environmental friendliness of the production itself, the techniques of sustainable architecture can be used. In this project, a green roof was used, photocells that are installed on the roof of the module and ensure its operation. It also houses engineering equipment that provides water heating with solar collectors and ventilation of the building. After the drainage, the collection of waste water is envisaged, followed by purification and reuse.

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  1/8 Diploma project "High-tech production based on robotics and 3D printers in Moscow" Alexey Zagoruiko, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  2/8 Diploma project "High-tech production based on robotics and 3D printers in Moscow" Alexey Zagoruiko, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  3/8 Diploma project "High-tech production based on robotics and 3D printers in Moscow" Alexey Zagoruiko, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  4/8 Diploma project "High-tech production based on robotics and 3D printers in Moscow" Alexey Zagoruiko, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  5/8 Diploma project "High-tech production based on robotics and 3D printers in Moscow" Alexey Zagoruiko, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  6/8 Diploma project "High-tech production based on robotics and 3D printers in Moscow" Alexey Zagoruiko, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  7/8 Diploma project "High-tech production based on robotics and 3D printers in Moscow" Alexey Zagoruiko, Moscow Architectural Institute

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  8/8 Diploma project "High-tech production based on robotics and 3D printers in Moscow" Alexey Zagoruiko, Moscow Architectural Institute