The roof of a building is a protective structure that must be as strong and reliable as possible. Therefore, when creating a flat roof, it must be borne in mind that it is constantly exposed to both external and internal influences, such as precipitation, wind, solar activity, temperature changes, chemicals contained in the air and precipitation, as well as steam generated inside the building.
One of the main causes of flat roof destruction is water in the form of precipitation - rain and snow. In the absence or violation of slopes on the roof, so-called stagnant zones are formed - puddles, which in turn, in most cases, lead to damage to the upper waterproofing layer, which entails the destruction of the entire roofing cake.
Periodic freezing - thawing of puddles on the surface of the roofing carpet in the cold season eventually leads to the destruction of protective dressing on bitumen and polymer-bitumen materials and accelerated aging of the material itself under the influence of UV rays. Also, the constant presence of water contributes to the emergence of additional stress in the waterproofing carpet and at the points of attachment to the base. Due to the temperature difference, the material is stretched differently, and the main stress arises around the perimeter around the puddle. In addition, the combination of permanently standing water and dust is the optimal conditions for the formation of a soil substrate on the roof. The vegetation layer actively sprouts, and the roots of the plants destroy the waterproofing carpet.
Sometimes design organizations do not take into account the additional load on a flat roof - for example, accumulation of rain and snow. In the case of a roof with a profiled sheet base, this leads to its deflection under the influence of the ultimate snow and additional unaccounted load, which leads to a violation of the slope in the valley and the formation of stagnant zones. As a result, cracks in the waterproofing carpet and leaks form on the roof. A flat roof must have the required minimum slope - this is an axiom of building geometry. To avoid the formation of stagnant zones, main slopes and counter slopes are created to drain various kinds of precipitation from the roof.
Consider the classic methods of forming a slope on a flat roof and the problems associated with them:
1. Backfill insulation or lightweight concrete mixtures. This method is not only laborious and costly, but is also associated with the risk of non-compliance with the design slopes, since expanded clay is displaced during installation and operation, implies "wet" work on pouring expanded clay with cement milk (which is impossible at negative temperatures), and also increases the load on the base of the roof, which again contributes to a change in the angle of inclination of the roof.
2. Installation of metal profiles. A method that is also a fairly material-intensive and labor-intensive solution and creates a significant additional load on the base.
3. Cutting slopes on site. To form a slope on the roof, wedge-shaped stone wool insulation is used - this is an effective solution to problems associated with stagnant water on the roof:
- the material does not create excessive load on the base;
- excluded "wet" processes and the risk of uneven and stepped distribution of gravel, due to its absence.
However, cutting the stone wool wedge insulation directly on site using cutting tools (e.g. hacksaws, saws) is a very laborious and time-consuming process, with a high risk of inaccurate slope geometry and a large amount of waste.
The optimal solution is ready-made sets of wedge-shaped rigid stone wool slabs for forming a slope on a flat roof. As construction practice shows, the optimal main slope should be at least 1.5%, counter slopes between the funnels - from 3%.
In order to obtain the required slope, TechnoNICOL specialists have developed a solution, a kind of "constructor" made of ready-made wedge-shaped slabs, which allows to quickly and efficiently form a slope on a flat roof: non-combustible stone wool slabs TECHNOROOF N30 WEDGE 1.7% to create the main slope and slabs TECHNOROOF N30 WEDGE 4,2% for creating a slope in the roof valley, a counter slope from skylights and other structures.
This example clearly shows the capabilities of the slope formation system on the roof. The installation of wedge-shaped insulation elements starts from the lowest point on the roof, for example, a valley.
A ready-made set of stone wool slabs TECHNOROOF H30 WEDGE 1.7% consists of elements A, B and C. All elements have clear geometric parameters, they are laid in a certain order, which allows you to form a main slope of 1.7%, ensuring sufficient water drainage …
A ready-made set of TECHNOROOF N30 KLIN 4.2% slabs is used for the installation of a slope in the valley, to drain water from the parapet, skylights, lift shafts, roof fans and to increase the slope at the parapet, also consisting of elements A, B and C with pre-created at the factory with geometric parameters. The use of this set of slabs makes it possible to organize a counter-slope equal to 4.2%.
The ramp is assembled according to a special scheme. The contruklon is made in the form of rhombuses, followed by laying the corresponding elements. The wedge-shaped stone wool insulation is fixed to the base of the roof together with the main insulation layer. Fastening of a slab with a size of 1200 x 600 mm is carried out with telescopic fasteners at least 2 pcs. on the stove.
TECHNONICOL rock wool slabs should not be considered as a complete alternative to the thermal insulation layer. The thickness of the main heat-insulating layer can be reduced (when using TechnoNICOL slope-forming slabs as the formation of the main slope) only by the initial thickness of the TECHNOROOF N30 WEDGE slabs 1.7%, equal to 30 mm.
Wedge-shaped thermal insulation made of TECHNONICOL stone wool effectively removes atmospheric precipitation into the water intake funnels, ensuring reliable operation of the roof throughout the entire service life of the building. Thus, the use of ready-made sets of wedge-shaped thermal insulation from TechnoNICOL stone wool has clear advantages over other methods:
- Creation of the main slope and counter slope in the valley, deviations from the parapet and skylights.
- Lack of "wet" processes during installation.
- Additional thermal insulation.
- Geometric accuracy of slopes, which is achieved by the most modern plant equipment.
- High manufacturability, reliability and speed of installation.
- Reduction of loads on the base.
- Reduction of labor costs for the implementation of slopes.
- Extending the service life of the roofing.
The use of wedge-shaped thermal insulation made of TechnoNICOL stone wool for the formation of a slope on a flat roof is one of the revolutionary solutions in the construction market of the Russian Federation. The quality, reliability and high speed of work execution have already been appreciated by many contractors, designers and builders.
Catalog of building systems. Wedge-shaped thermal insulation >>
Catalog of building systems. Flat roofs >>
TechnoNICOL - Europe's largest manufacturer and supplier of roofing, waterproofing and thermal insulation materials. More than 200 million people around the world live and work in buildings constructed using TechnoNICOL materials. TechnonICOL Corporation - these are 14 production areas, 38 factories in Russia and neighboring countries, its own trade network and representative offices in 36 countries of the world, own research centers in different regions of Russia, as well as a qualified team of professionals - 6500 people!
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Direction "Mineral insulation", TechnoNICOL Corporation
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