The works of graduates - masters who studied at the Moscow Architectural Institute for seven years according to the Bologna system - are devoted to the study of new functional typologies that are in demand in our post-industrial time in big cities: coliving, coworking, business hubs, as well as new approaches to museums and libraries. Diplomas are resolved as versatile studies, and the projects themselves are only a part of them.
Group leaders:
Tatiana Nabokova
Professor of the Department of Architecture of Residential Buildings, Moscow Architectural Institute
Alexey Vorontsov
Professor of the Department of Architecture of Residential Buildings, Moscow Architectural Institute
Maria Troyan
Lecturer, Department of Architecture of Residential Buildings, Moscow Architectural Institute
Teacher comment
Maria Troyan: “This year's student work is globally united by the theme of interdisciplinarity and the necessary connectivity of modern urban structures. Who if not the students of Moscow Architectural Institute can predict the development of a new urban environment and experiment with new diverse urban typologies … Our projects are looking for their caring user of the new digital formation.
All of us, residents of large cities, are put in the conditions of choice: whether to look for housing next to work and how often to change jobs, become part of modern arts or start our own project at the institute, where to find a team or investor for a project or what bonuses can we give the collective economy. A young scientist today is placed in the conditions of interaction with many third-party areas to achieve the expected result, and this cannot but affect architecture for modern science. A modern urban resident is so tired and busy that sometimes he simply does not have time to go to a museum, and then a museum or a library of a new format can come to him, becoming a transit part of his way home from work or school. Social scenarios and initiatives supplemented this problematic as an attempt to overcome intergenerational gaps, loneliness in a large metropolis, accessibility and difficulty in choosing housing for a young family or a lonely elderly person.
These reflections on contemporary urban trends and social issues formed the basis of the project studies and led to the formulation of the themes of eight projects.
For research, the students chose the most relevant topics - eight students developed projects and a system of design principles for residential complexes of collective living and art residences, youth rental housing and student city campuses, and also touched upon the topics of work in a new type of office or scientific center, leisure and education in museums and library centers. Thus, the projects cover almost all spheres of urban human life.
For each project, a general algorithm for the selection of territories in Moscow was developed. This algorithm is based on the search for territories along the MCC that meet certain criteria. The criteria were developed in the course of a detailed analysis of each typology and its features, as well as the study of world design experience. ***
Art residences
Ksenia Ashitko
Development of art residences in the structure of the largest city on the example of Moscow
The work is devoted to the unique objects of the urban environment, tuned to active interaction with the city and creating favorable conditions both for the development of public life in the city, and for representatives of creative professions and creative business. The town planning and planning principles formulated by the author became the basis for five experimental projects of art residences in Moscow.
Based on the analysis of experimental projects created on the basis of the formulated theoretical models, it is shown that these are autonomous self-sufficient systems that arise in the conditions of any urban planning potential and serve as organizers of the urban environment.
Student cluster
Anastasia Breslavtseva
Features of the development of a dispersive student cluster in the structure of the largest city on the example of Moscow
The study formulates the principles of multifunctional, spatially developed student clusters, focused on the connectivity of its parts and integration into the urban structure. Based on the analysis of the location of universities and their hostels in six large foreign cities, the main typological principles of the organization of student clusters in the conditions of the urban environment are revealed.
The existing base of student housing was formed until the mid-1980s and by now is physically and morally outdated. Over the past 25 years, the development of the residential structure has been chaotic, mainly in remote areas or suburbs, which has increased the wasted time of students. It is proposed to solve the urban planning disunity between universities and their hostels in Moscow by arranging facilities along the MCC and including them in the structures of multifunctional urban complexes. The choice of a particular model of functioning is influenced by the type of commercial payback of the project.
Science and technology clusters
Veronica Gavrikova
Typological features of interdisciplinary scientific and technological clusters
The aim of the work is to show how modern trends in the development of science: synergetic processes, rethinking of creative processes, trends towards openness - influenced the architecture of research complexes. A typology of innovative elements of STC was compiled: a communication environment for scientists, elements for interacting with the city, elements of a joint work space. Each of the subtypes was developed through a design experiment.
The first and second projects are devoted to the development of a communication environment for researchers, where the main task was to stimulate intersectional interaction.
The third and fourth projects demonstrate the elements of interaction between the cluster and the largest city.
For the final project, a medical theme was chosen, since at the moment medical interdisciplinary research forms the most complex structure of a joint work space and the popularization of scientific medical knowledge and a healthy lifestyle. The project includes spaces open to the city: an exhibition area with pavilions and presentation areas, a cafe and a multifunctional hall, a diagnostic center has been designed.
Business complexes
Alexander Plutyakov
Principles of the architectural organization of innovative business complexes (hub)
Changes in the scientific and technological sphere have led to the need for higher-level business sites, which is not able to provide most of the existing business infrastructure. As a result, there was a need for innovative business platforms - HUB (English hub), which are not typical for our country. The relevance of hubs in Russia is expressed in the numerical lag of similar infrastructure in relation to other developed countries.
In the course of the work, three typologies were derived: HUB coliving, HUB coworking and HUB agile office. For each type, basic user portraits were identified.
The principles formed the basis for five pilot projects in Moscow:
- HUB coworking in the area of reduced urban development potential (in the peripheral part of the city, Pokrovskaya-Streshnevo area), coworking in the area of high urban development potential (in the structure of a large business center, TPU Rizhskaya),
- HUB coliving in the area of high student activity (Troparevo-Nikulino area),
- HUB-agile office in a zone of reduced urban development potential (model "monocity", metro station Rasskazovka),
- HUB-agile office in a zone of high urban development potential (TPU model, MCD station and MCC-Okruzhnaya).
Libraries
Elizaveta Raygorodskaya
Library as a multicultural community center
The study examines the role and place of modern libraries in the implementation of strategies for the decentralization of the city's cultural functions and changes in the format of libraries under the influence of the transition from books to virtual information. Studies show that the world experience in building libraries and the analysis of international competitions - the creation of libraries as multicultural community centers is the most advanced direction for the design of libraries.
The main feature in the functional-spatial structure of libraries is the appearance of a block of non-informational functions. Experimental models show that a modern library is successfully adapting to Russian urban conditions, improving the social life of the districts, and creating cultural decentralization.
Based on the results of the study, five pilot projects were carried out:
- library on the border of a natural complex with low urban development potential
- library on the border of several residential areas
- library in the interdistrict
- library at the educational center
- an intellectual and educational center with the main function of the library at the Kuntsevo transport hub.
Museums
Maria Romanova
Modern trends in the development of museums and their transformation into new structures
The aim of the work was to develop the principles of urban planning and architectural organization of museums of a new format, in which a new system of museum space with an expanded structure of involved functions has been created.
The characteristic principles of the formation of museums in modern conditions are derived: the principle of adaptability, the principle of interaction between the museum and the urban structure, the principle of humane integration into the environment, the principle of accessibility, the principle of multifunctionality of the museum building, the principle of expressiveness.
Options for the architectural organization of museums:
- museum - a historical artifact on the Kuznetsky Most;
- expansion of the existing building of the Museum of Moscow;
- renovation of the Badaevsky brewery into a museum;
- a museum as a small cultural center of regional significance;
- cultural mall based on TPU.
Rental housing
Ksenia Stroy
Principles of the structural organization of youth rental complexes
The work is devoted to the design of youth rental complexes due to the lack of rental housing not only for young people, but also for people with low income. The article highlights the socio-demographic, economic, psychological and political preconditions for the formation of a new typology.
Also, the historical background, the portrait of the consumer and his requirements for the living environment are considered in detail. Trends in the development of typology on the Russian market have been studied. The world experience in the construction and design of youth housing has been analyzed and structured. Currently, the typology is actively developing abroad, and in Russia it is still represented only in a number of conceptual proposals. On the basis of the created classification of foreign and domestic experience, the principles of the structural organization of youth rental complexes have been identified and developed.
Based on the research of the youth community and their requirements for the living environment, a special methodology for selecting a territory in a metropolis has been developed, with the help of which five sites for experimental design have been identified.
The developed project proposals illustrate the results of the study. Developed principles are used in each pilot project. A comparison of the proposed options has been made for the formation of a special functional composition of the youth rental complex.
Coliving
Tatiana Cherkasova
New types of collective living
An attempt has been made to formulate the principles of organizing collective living complexes, the formation of which is taking place today both in domestic and foreign practice.
Strengthening the individualization of society has led to the destruction of internal social ties. Therefore, today one of the most important tasks of architecture is the development of new principles for organizing a living environment that stimulates social contacts.
This paper examines the possibility of creating various complexes of collective living on the example of Moscow, based on the typological features of collective living and on the principles of the architectural organization of connected spaces.
